最新高考英语专题复习阅读理解及答案 2Word文件下载.docx
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最新高考英语专题复习阅读理解及答案 2Word文件下载.docx
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Probablynot,accordingtoresearcherswhorevieweddatafrom12clinicaltrialsinvolvingabout54,000people.Inaseriesofcontroversialpapers,theresearchersarguethattheincreasedhealthriskstiedtoredmeataresmallanduncertain,andthatcuttingbacklikelywouldn'
tbeworthitforpeoplewhoenjoymeat.
Thoseconclusionsgoagainstestablishedmedicaladvice.TheywereswiftlyattackedbyagroupoffamousU.S.scientistswhotooktheunusualstepoftryingtostopthepapersfrombeingpublisheduntiltheircriticismswereaddressed.
Thenewworkdoesnotsayredorprocessedmeatslikehotdogsandbaconarehealthy,orthatpeopleshouldeatmoreofthem.Theteam'
sreviewsofpaststudiesgenerallysupportthetiestocancer,heartdiseaseandotherbadhealthoutcomes.Buttheauthorssaytheevidenceisweak,andthatthere'
snotmuchcertaintymeatisreallythecause,sinceotherdietandlifestylefactorscouldbeatplay.
Ifthelatestexampleofhowdivisivenutritionresearchhasbecome,withitsuncertaintiesleavingthedooropenforconflictingadvice.Criticssayfindingsoftenaren'
tbackedbystrongevidence.Defenderscounterthatnutritionstudiescanrarelybeconclusivebecauseofthedifficultyofmeasuringtheeffectsofanysinglefood,butthatmethodshaveimproved.
Basedontheiranalyses,theresearcherssaidpeopledonothavetocutbackforhealthreasons.Buttheynotedthattheirownadviceisweak,andacknowledgedthattheydidn'
tconsiderfactorssuchasanimalwelfareandtheenvironment.Indeed,thecasethatmeatproductionisbadforanimalwelfareandtheenvironmentisstrongerthanthecasethatit'
sbadforhumanhealth,accordingtoaneditorialthataccompaniesthereport.
Notallofthereportauthorsagreedwithitsconclusions.Threeofthe14researcherssaidtheysupportreducingredandprocessedmeats.Acoauthorofoneofthereviewsisalsoamongthosewhocalledforapublicationdelay.
Thosewhopushedtopostponepublicationalsoquestionedwhycertainstudieswereincludedinthereviewswhileotherswereleftout.
Asforhisowndiet,Dr.GordonGuyatt,amemberoftheinternationalresearchteamthatconductedthereviews,saidhenolongerthinksredorprocessedmeatshavesignificanthealthrisks.Buthesaidhestillavoidsthemoutofhabit,andforanimalwelfareandenvironmentalreasons.
(1)Whatistheauthor'
spurposeinwritingthepassage?
A.Tointroduceanewrelationshipbetweenhealthandeatingredmeat.
B.Tourgemorepeopletokeepawayfromeatingredmeatregularly.
C.Topresentanewcontroversialviewonimpactsofeatingredmeat.
D.Tocriticizenutritionstudiesforlackingofconclusiveevidence.
(2)Whatistheauthor'
sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?
A.Doubtful.
B.Positive.
C.Disapproving.
D.Objective.
(3)Guyatt'
savoidingredmeatshastheweakestconnectionwith_______.
A.healthrisks
B.diethabits
C.animalwelfare
D.environmentalprotection
(4)Whatcanwelearnfromtherecentresearch?
A.Redmeatsdon'
thavesignificanthealthrisks.
B.Reducingmeatconsumptionwillbeworthit.
C.Thereportauthorshavereachedaconsensus.
D.Consumingredmeatwilldogoodtohealth.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)A
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者对于吃红肉是否与癌症和心脏病有关引用了研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Eatingredmeatislinkedtocancerandheartdisease,butaretherisksbigenoughtojustifygivingupjuicyburgersanddelicioussteaks?
Probablynot,accordingtoresearchers...”可知,吃红肉与癌症和心脏病有关,但是否这些风险大到足以让你放弃多汁的汉堡和美味的牛排呢?
根据研究人员研究发现,答案是不一定,引导出了一个关于吃红肉有争议的新观点,故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据“accordingtoresearcherswhorevieweddata”,“theresearchersarguethat”,“Thoseconclusionsgoagainstestablishedmedicaladvice”,“Theteam'
sreviewsofpaststudies”“thelatestexample”,“Basedontheiranalyses”等等,可知作者主要引用研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章,可知作者对新研究的态度是客观的,故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Buthesaidhestillavoidsthemoutofhabit,andforanimalwelfareandenvironmentalreasons.”但他说避免吃红肉是出于习惯,也是为了保护动物福利和环境,没有说是健康风险问题,可以判断Guyatt避免吃红肉与健康风险的关系最弱,故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Thenewworkdoesnotsayredorprocessedmeatslikehotdogsandbaconarehealthy,orthatpeopleshouldeatmoreofthem.Theteam'
sreviewsofpaststudiesgenerallysupportthetiestocancer,heartdiseaseandotherbadhealthoutcomes.Buttheauthorssaytheevidenceisweak...”这项新研究并没有说红肉或加工肉类如热狗和熏肉是健康的,也没有说人们应该多吃。
以往研究通常支持红肉与癌症、心脏病和其他不良健康的联系,但这项研究的作者说这个证据是站不住脚的,可以推断红肉没有明显的健康风险,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇健康类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.(2019•天津)阅读理解
Howdoesanecosystem(生态系统)work?
Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?
Whyaretheresomany
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