曼昆《经济学原理》微观第五版测试题库 17文档格式.docx
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曼昆《经济学原理》微观第五版测试题库 17文档格式.docx
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TDIF:
1REF:
17-0
NAT:
AnalyticLOC:
OligopolyTOP:
OligopolyMSC:
Definitional
2.Gametheoryisjustasnecessaryforunderstandingcompetitiveormonopolymarketsasitisforunderstandingoligopolisticmarkets.
FDIF:
2REF:
Oligopoly|Gametheory
MSC:
Interpretive
3.Inacompetitivemarket,strategicinteractionsamongthefirmsarenotimportant.
Gametheory|Competitivemarkets
4.Forafirm,strategicinteractionswithotherfirmsinthemarketbecomemoreimportantasthenumberoffirmsinthemarketbecomeslarger.
5.Supposethreefirmsformacartelandagreetochargeaspecificpricefortheiroutput.Eachindividualfirmhasanincentivetomaintaintheagreementbecausethefirm’sindividualprofitswillbethegreatestunderthecartelarrangement.
17-1
CollusionMSC:
6.Iffirmsinanoligopolyagreetoproduceaccordingtothemonopolyoutcome,theywillproducethesamelevelofoutputastheywouldproduceinaNashequilibrium.
Oligopoly|Cooperation
7.Whetheranoligopolyconsistsof3firmsor10firms,thelevelofoutputlikelywillbethesame.
8.Cartelswithasmallnumberoffirmshaveagreaterprobabilityofreachingthemonopolyoutcomethandocartelswithalargernumberoffirms.
CartelsMSC:
9.Asthenumberoffirmsinanoligopolybecomesverylarge,thepriceeffectdisappears.
10.Ifallofthefirmsinanoligopolysuccessfullycolludeandformacartel,thentotalprofitforthecartelisequaltowhatitwouldbeifthemarketwereamonopoly.
11.Asthenumberoffirmsinanoligopolyincreases,themagnitudeofthepriceeffectincreases.
12.Allexamplesoftheprisoner’sdilemmagamearecharacterizedbyoneandonlyoneNashequilibrium.
3REF:
17-2
Nashequilibrium|Prisoners'
dilemma
13.Iftwoplayersengagedinaprisoner’sdilemmagamearelikelytorepeatthegame,theyaremorelikelytocooperatethaniftheyplaythegameonlyonce.
Prisoners'
dilemma
14.Thestoryoftheprisoners'
dilemmacontainsagenerallessonthatappliestoanygrouptryingtomaintaincooperationamongitsmembers.
15.Intheprisoners'
dilemmagame,oneprisonerisalwaysbetteroffconfessing,nomatterwhattheotherprisonerdoes.
16.Intheprisoners'
dilemmagame,confessingisadominantstrategyforeachofthetwoprisoners.
dilemma|Dominantstrategy
17.Thegamethatoligopolistsplayintryingtoreachtheoligopolyoutcomeissimilartothegamethatthetwoprisonersplayintheprisoners'
dilemma.
GametheoryMSC:
18.Inthecaseofoligopolisticmarkets,self-interestmakescooperationdifficultanditoftenleadstoanundesirableoutcomeforthefirmsthatareinvolved.
19.Whenprisoners'
dilemmagamesarerepeatedoverandover,sometimesthethreatofpenaltycausesbothpartiestocooperate.
20.Atit-for-tatstrategy,inarepeatedgame,isoneinwhichaplayerstartsbycooperatingandthendoeswhatevertheotherplayerdidlasttime.
21.Onewaythatpublicpolicyencouragescooperationamongoligopolistsisthroughantitrustlaw.
17-3
AntitrustMSC:
22.TheShermanAntitrustActprohibitscompetingfirmsfromeventalkingaboutfixingprices.
TDI
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