知识体系和价值创造外文翻译可编辑Word格式.docx

知识体系和价值创造外文翻译可编辑Word格式.docx

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Knowledgesystemsandvaluecreation

LuisRabelo

Thegainingpopularityofknowledgemanagement（KM）hasbeenreinforcedbythequestforinnovationandvaluecreation（ArandaandMolina-Fernandez,2002;

HusebyandChou,2003）.Inthiscontext,KMisperceivedasaframeworkfordesigninganorganisation’sgoals,structures,andprocessessothattheorganisationcanusewhatitknowstolearnandcreatevalueforitscustomersandcommunity（Choo,2000）.Conversely,changemanagementplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleinsustaining“leadingedge”competitivenessfororganisationsintimesofrapidchangeandincreasedcompetition（Wheatcroft,2000;

ReddyandReddy,2002;

McAdamandGalloway,2005）.Thefuturehasonlytwopredictablefeatures–“changeandresistancetochange”andtheverysurvivaloforganisationswilldependupontheirabilitytoadaptto,andmaster,thesechallenges.

Limitationsofcurrentapproachestomanagingknowledgehavebeenconstantlyreportedintheliterature（Sor,2004;

HuysmanandWulf,2006;

Yehetal.,2006）.Anumberofstudiesproposedtheso-called“knowledgegap”todepictthemisfitbetweenthecapabilityandimplementationofKMSforenterprises（Tiwana,2001;

LinandTseng,2005）.LinandTseng（2005）proposeaholisticframeworkforthe“KMGap”tofullyillustratethemanagementgapsthatmightoccurduringKMSimplementation.Theyarguethatthesegapsoriginatefromlowerdegreesoffitnessbetweenanenterprise’sKMactivitiesandboththeexternalandinternalenvironmentsconfrontingtheenterprise.

1.Knowledgeandknowledgemanagement

KMisabroadandexpandingtopic（Scarbroughetal.,1999）.Inreviewingthetheoryandliteratureofthisfield,itisnecessarytocommittoanidentifiableepistemicapproach.ManysuchapproachestoKMareidentified,andhavebeencategorizedinvariousways（Schultze,1998;

AlaviandLeidner,2001;

Earl,2001）.Schultze（1998）engagesBurrellandMorgan’s（1979）frameworkinordertoidentifyatwo-foldtypologyofknowledgewithinthedebateaboutKM:

objectivistandsubjectivist.Anobjectivistapproachviewsknowledgeasobjectstobediscovered.Inidentifyingtheexistenceofknowledgeinvariousformsandlocations,technologyisemployedinthecodificationofsuchknowledgeobjects（Hansenetal.,1999）.Incontrast,asubjectivistapproachsuggestsknowledgeisinherentlyidentifiedandlinkedtohumanexperienceandthesocialpracticeofknowing（BrownandDuguid,1998）.Inadoptingsuchastance,itiscontendedthatknowledgeiscontinuouslyshapedbythesocialpracticeofcommunitiesandinstitutions.

ThesedifferentviewsofknowledgeleadtodifferentperspectivesofKM（Carlssonetal.,1996）:

ITperspective,focusingontheuseofvarioustechnologiestoacquireorstoreknowledgeresources（BorghoffandPareschi,1998）.Asknowledgeisviewedasanobject,KMshouldfocusonensuringthatexplicitknowledge,availableintheformofknowledgeitems,iswidelyaccessibleacrossanorganisation.

Socializationperspective,focusingonunderstandingtheorganisationalnatureofKM（GoldandMalhotra,2001;

Becerra-FernandezandSabherwal,2001）.KMshouldfocusonsupportingtheprocessesofsharing,creating,anddisseminatingknowledge.

Informationsystem（IS）perspective,focusingonbothITandorganisationalcapabilityandemphasizingtheuseofKMS（Tiwana,2001;

SchultzeandLeidner,2002）.TherightKMstrategyshouldbeputinplacetodevelopandnurturecoreorganisationalcompetencies,andcreateintellectualcapital.ThemajorimplicationofthesevariousconceptionsofknowledgeisthateachperspectivesuggestsadifferentstrategyformanagingknowledgeandadifferentperspectiveoftheroleofsystemsinsupportofKM（Carlssonetal.,1996;

AlaviandLeidner,2001）.

2.Knowledgemanagementsystems

KMSrefertoaclassofISsappliedtomanagingandenhancingtheorganisationalprocessesofknowledgecreation,storage/retrieval,transfer,andapplication.

WhileKMSinitiativesrelyonITasanimportantenabler,theytendtooverlookthesocio-culturalaspectsthatunderpinKM（DavenportandPrusak,1998;

O’DellandGrayson,1998;

Malhotra,2000;

HuysmanandWulf,2006）.Inrecentyears,environmentsnurturingthesocializationdimensionofKMhavebeendeveloped,asbestreflectedintheconceptofcommunitiesofpractice（Wengeretal.,2002）.Theyrelatemoregenerallytogroupsofindividualswithinoracrossorganisationalboundariesthatshareacommonconcern,asetofproblems,orapassionaboutatopic,andwhodeepentheirunderstandingandknowledgeofthisareabyinteractingusingface-to-faceorvirtualmeans（Saint-OngeandWallace,2003）.

3.Knowledgemanagementinconstruction:

initialfindings.

ThefieldresearchrevealedvariouscharacteristicsoftheconstructionsectorpertinenttoKM:

project-orientedindustrywithatendencyforacto