动词的时态及语态+主谓一致文档格式.docx
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动词的时态及语态+主谓一致文档格式.docx
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Willyoutellmewhenyoufinishedthework?
(二)主句谓语动词用过去时态
1若从句谓语动词的动作与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生,
从句用一般过去时或过去进行时
Shetoldmeshewasateacher.
HesaidhewasstudyingEnglish.
2若从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,从句用过去完成时或过去完成进行时
Sheexplainedtomethatshehadmadethemistakechiefly
outofcarelessness.
Bettysaidthatshehadbeenwaitingformycall.
,从句用过去将来时、过去将来
3若从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之后进行时或过去将来完成时。
Hesaidthathewouldcomebackthenextday.
Shesaidthatshewouldbesettingoffonthe10o'
locktrain.
Hetoldthemthathewouldhavefinishedbysixo'
clock.
4若从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前,但从句中有表示某一具体时间的状语,从句用一般过去时。
Hetoldmethathewasbornin1959.
MymothertoldmethatmygrandfatherwenttoGermanyin1917.
5若从句说明的是客观事实或科学真理,现在依然成立,从句用一般现在时。
Ourteachersaidthattheearthisroundanditgoesroundthesun.
(三)主、从句动作都是将来时,但在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,从句谓语动词用
一般现在时代替将来时,主句仍用一般将来时。
IwillbeateacherwhenIgrowup.
Whatshallwedoifitsnows?
II语态
语态:
主动语态和被动语态
(一)被动语态考查项目:
(1)被动语态进行式
(2)被动语态完成式
(3)不定式被动式
需要注意:
主动变被动后加to
(二)具有被动意义的主动结构(即不该用被动语态的情况)
1在主语+谓语+宾语+过去分词(作宾补)”结构中
谓语动词为使役动词或感官动词
Eg.Ihadthemachinerepaired.
Ididn'
thearmynamcalled.
2在主系表”结构中
Eg.Theflowerssmellsweet.
Thefoodtastesnice.
3在主语+vi.+(adj./adv.)结构中vi.有:
open,shut,sell,wear,blow,work,move,lock,cook,wash,clean,read,write,draw,make,burn,eat,blame,photograph,etc.
Eg.Thegoodssellswell.
Thedoorblewopen.
Thedoorcan'
hUt/lock.
Thismaterialhaswornthin.
Thefoodisreadytoeat.
Thiskindofricecooksquickly.
Shedoesn'
photographwell.
Danishbaconandeggmakesagoodmeal.
Themotherdidn'
tknowwhobdameforthebrokenglass.
4sth.want/needtobedonesb.want(sb.)todo
sth.want/needdoing
sth.requiredoing
sth.beworthdoing/beworthytobedone
beworthyofsth.
beworthyofdoing
Eg.Thehouseneeds/wantsrepairing.
Thebookisworthreading.
四、主谓一致
主谓一致:
谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致
(1)主谓一致三原则
1语法一致原则:
单主t单谓
复主t复谓
2意义一致原则
(1)单形主t复谓
Eg.Thevolleyballteamareplayingmagnificently.
TheoldarerespectedinChina.
(2)复形主t单谓
Eg.Thisworkswasbuiltin1982.
EconomicswastaughtbyProf.Li.
IstheUnitedStatesabigcountry?
(3)同一词作主语时单v•时复v.
Eg.Allpossiblemeanshavebeenadopted.
Everymeanshasbeentried.
3吸引原则
1邻近原则:
Neither…nor…
Either…or…
…or…
Notonly…butalso…
Therebe句型
Here引导的句子
Eg.Hereisapenandsomepiecesofpaperforyou.
Herearesomepiecesofpaperandapenforyou.
2与第一主语一致
主语后跟:
(together)with…
alongwith…
aswellas…
like/unlike…
but/except…
ratherthan…
asmuchas…
nolessthan…
besides…
including…
inadditionto…
…not…
等引导的短语时,其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数定,即与第一主语一致。
Eg.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,istobebuilthere.
Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,wassenttohelpinthiswork.
Theroomwithitsfurniturewasrented.
Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasexcited.
Iaswellasyouamafootballfan.
Henolessthanyouis_myfriend.
Iratherthanhimamtoblame.
I,notyou,amwrong.
You,notI,arewrong.
Nooneexceptmyparentsknowsanythingaboutit.
(二)用单数谓语动词的情况
1each/either/neither/复合不定代词做主语
Eg.Is_thereanythinginthebox?
Neitheris_good.
2整体看待的数目,时间,价值,重量…等复数n.做主语
Eg.Twentyminutesis_notenough.
Threefeetis_ayard.
Fifteendollarsis_theprice.
999isalargenumber.
3不可数名词,动名词,不定式,从句做主语
(what从句根据句义定)
Whathesaidis_correct.
Whatheleftmearebutafewoldbooks.
4单数名词+and+单数名词"
结构表示一种概念或事物
如何确定此结构表示一种概念或事物:
第二个名词前无冠词,第一个名词前可有可没有冠词
Eg.Thehammerandsicklewasflyingovertheroof.
Aknifeandforkwasplacedbeforeeveryguest.
Thepoetandwriterisoneofmyfriends.
Butterandbreadis.usuallyeatenwithsmokedsalmon.
Truthandhonestyis_thebestpolicy.
Thegirl'
teacherandfriendis_ayoungdoctor.
Toloveandtobelovedis_thegreatesthappiness.
Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.
5形复单义词做主语
headquarters,works,news,以-ics结尾的学科名词,国名,运动项目
politics/mathematics/physics
theUnitedNations/theUnitedStates
Eg.Thenewswasveryexciting.
Theirheadquartersisatthefootofthemountain.
6each/every修饰名词做主语
“each/every■单数可数名词+each/every+单数可数名词"
结构做主语
Eg.Everyhourandeveryminuteisimportant.
Eachboyandeachgirlwishestoservethepeopleinthefuture.
Everyman,womanandchildisanimportantbeing.
7“morethanone•■单数可数名词"
结构及
"
manya+单数可数名词"
结构做主语。
但more+复数名词+thanone"
结
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- 动词 时态 语态 主谓 一致