新视野大学英语4读写教程第三版课文word版Word下载.docx
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新视野大学英语4读写教程第三版课文word版Word下载.docx
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Radiant"
shewasalready.Icoulddispenseherenoughpearlsofwisdomtomakeher"
well-spoken"
.
4Afterabannerdayout,Idroveuntilweweresituatedunderabigoldoaktreeonahillofftheexpressway.WhatIhadinmindwasalittleeccentric.Ithoughtthevenuewithaperfectviewoftheluminouscitywouldlightenthemood.Westayedinthecar,andIturneddownthestereoandtookmyfootoffthebrakepedal."
Whatarewegoingtotalkabout?
"
sheasked.
5"
Logic."
6"
Cool,"
shesaidoverhergum.
7"
Thedoctrineoflogic,"
Isaid,"
isastapleofclearthinking.Failuresinlogicdistortthetruth,andsomeofthemarewellknown.Firstlet'
slookatthefallacyDictoSimpliciter."
8"
Great,"
sheagreed.
9"
DictoSimplicitermeansanunqualifiedgeneralization.Forexample:
Exerciseisgood.Therefore,everybodyshouldexercise."
10Shenoddedinagreement.
11Icouldseeshewasstumped."
Polly,"
Iexplained,"
it'
stoosimpleageneralization.Ifyouhave,say,heartdiseaseorextremeobesity,exerciseisbad,notgood.Therefore,youmustsayexerciseisgoodformostpeople."
12"
NextisHastyGeneralization.Self-explanatory,right?
Listencarefully:
Youcan'
tspeakFrench.Robcan'
tspeakFrench.LookslikenobodyatthisschoolcanspeakFrench."
13"
Really?
saidPolly,amazed."
Nobody?
14"
Thisisalsoafallacy,"
Isaid."
Thegeneralizationisreachedtoohastily.Toofewinstancessupportsuchaconclusion."
15Sheseemedtohaveagoodtime.Icouldsafelysaymyplanwasunderway.Itookherhomeandsetadateforanotherconversation.
16SeatedundertheoakthenexteveningIsaid,"
OurfirstfallacytonightiscalledAdMisericordiam."
17Shenoddedwithdelight.
18"
Listenclosely,"
Amanappliesforajob.Whenthebossaskshimwhathisqualificationsare,hesayshehassixchildrentofeed."
19"
Oh,thisisawful,awful,"
shewhisperedinachokedvoice.
20"
Yes,it'
sawful,"
Iagreed,"
butit'
snoargument.Themanneveransweredtheboss'
squestion.Insteadheappealedtotheboss'
ssympathy—AdMisericordiam."
21Sheblinked,stilltryinghardtokeepbackhertears.
22"
Next,"
Isaidcarefully,"
wewilldiscussFalseAnalogy.Anexample,studentsshouldbeallowedtolookattheirtextbooksduringexams,becausesurgeonshaveX-raystoguidethemduringsurgery."
23"
Ilikethatidea,"
shesaid.
24"
Igroaned,"
don'
tderailthediscussion.Theinferenceiswrong.Doctorsaren'
ttakingatesttoseehowmuchtheyhavelearned,butstudentsare.Thesituationsarealtogetherdifferent.Youcan'
tmakeananalogybetweenthem."
25"
Istillthinkit'
sagoodidea,"
saidPolly.
26Withfivenightsofdiligentwork,IactuallymadealogicianoutofPolly.Shewasananalyticalthinkeratlast.Thetimehadcomefortheconversionofourrelationshipfromacademictoromantic.
27"
Isaidwhennextwesatunderouroak,"
tonightwewon'
tdiscussfallacies."
28"
Oh?
shesaid,alittledisappointed.
29Favoringherwithagrin,Isaid,"
Wehavenowspentfiveeveningstogether.Wegetalongprettywell.Wemakeaprettygoodcouple."
30"
HastyGeneralization,"
saidPollybrightly."
Orasanormalpersonmightsay,that'
salittlepremature,don'
tyouthink?
31Ilaughedwithamusement.She'
dlearnedherlessonswell,farsurpassingmyexpectations."
Sweetheart,"
Isaid,pattingherhandinatolerantmanner,"
fivedatesisplenty.Afterall,youdon'
thavetoeatawholecaketoknowit'
sgood."
32"
FalseAnalogy,"
saidPollypromptly."
Yourpremiseisthatdatingislikeeating.Butyou'
renotacake.You'
reaboy."
33Ilaughedwithsomewhatlessamusement,hidingmydreadthatshe'
dlearnedherlessonstoowell.Afewmorefalsestepswouldbemydoom.Idecidedtochangetacticsandtryflatteryinstead.
34"
Polly,Iloveyou.Pleasesayyou'
llgooutwithme.I'
mnothingwithoutyou."
35"
AdMisericordiam,"
36"
Youcertainlycandiscernafallacywhenyouseeit,"
Isaid,myhopesstartingtocrumble."
Butdon'
ttakethemsoliterally.Imeanthisisallacademic.Youknowthethingsyoulearninschooldon'
thaveanythingtodowithreallife."
37"
DictoSimpliciter,"
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