考研英语二真题和答案解析Word格式文档下载.docx

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acrosstheWeb.

Canprivacybepreserved 

2 

bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly 

3 

?

Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation’scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta 

4 

tomaketheWebasaferplace-a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech 

5 

ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled 

6 

one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential 

7 

toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.

Theideaisto 

8 

afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould 

9 

whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicense 

10 

bythegovernment.

GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto 

11 

justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.

12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa 

13 

community.

Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith 

14 

trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure 

15 

whichthetransactionruns”.

Still,theadministration’splanhas 

16 

privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;

othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould 

17 

beacompulsoryInternet“drive’slicense”mentality.

Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith 

18 

bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet 

19 

.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe 

20 

toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.

1.A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden

2.A.forB.withinC.whileD.though

3.A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless

4.A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposal

5.A.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent

6.A.byB.intoC.fromD.over

7.A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.compared

8.A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve

9.A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize

10.A.releasedB.issuedC.distributedD.delivered

11.A.carryonB.lingeronC.setinD.login

12.A.InvainB.IneffectC.InreturnD.Incontrast

13.A.trustedB.modernizedc.thrivingD.competing

14.A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience

15.A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across

16.A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.united

17.A.frequentlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually

18.A.skepticismB.relevanceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm

19.A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible

20.A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forced

SectionII 

ReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text 

1

RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:

ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;

howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?

ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.

Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.

TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearances