最新高考英语 阅读理解试题含答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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最新高考英语 阅读理解试题含答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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spowerconsistsoflivingbacteria.
Paperelectronicsaresimpletomakeandinexpensive,notesstudyleaderSeokheunChoi,anengineeratBinghamtonUniversity.Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater.
"
Mostbatteriesusechemicalstogenerateelectricity.Substitutingbacteriacanbeanadvantage,"
Choisays."
Theyarecheapandself-repairing."
Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'
tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces—suchasabattlefield.Theymightalsofinduseinmedicine.Forinstance,theymightpowertinysensors,suchasthetypesusedtomeasurebloodsugar.
Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes(微生物)produceelectricityastheydigestfood.Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells.Afuelcellgenerateselectricitylikearegularbattery.Butaregularbatterystopsproducingelectricitywhenitsinnerchemicalreactionsstop.Afuelcellusesfuelthatcanberefilled.Inthiscase,bacteriaserveasthefuel.Byrefillingmoremicrobes,asneeded,scientistscankeepthesefuelcellsrunning.
Labtestshaveshownthatthenewbatterycanproduceacurrent.Now,Choiandhisteamarelookingatwaystoincreasethepower.They'
restudyingdifferentshapesandmaterialsfortheanodeandcathode(正负极).They'
realsolookingforthebestwaystocombinebatteriesformorepower.Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem.Andtheysurelywillbeatrendinthenearfuture.
(1)Whatmakesthepaper-basedbatteriesdifferentfromotherbatteries?
A.
Theyaremainlyusedtorunsmartphones.
B.
Theyusebacteriatogenerateelectricity.
C.
Theyareusedtodecoratesmalldevices.
D.
Theytakeamuchshortertimetorecharge.
(2)Whatcanthepaper-basedbatteriesdo?
Powertinydevices.
Lowerbloodsugarlevels.
Producemuchelectricity.
Changechemicalsinthepaper.
(3)Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?
Theapplicationofthenewbattery.
Thecharacteristicsofthepaperbatteries.
Theintentiontoinventthedevice.
Theworkingprincipleoftheinvention.
(4)Whatistheauthor'
sattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofthepaper-basedbatteries?
A.Defensive.
B.Optimistic.
C.Doubtful.
D.Ambiguous.
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)D
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了纸基电池的原理,这种电池可以通过微生物进行充电,同时,该电池也可以运用在医学方面,如测试血糖等。
研发团队则在寻找能使该电池储存更多电量的方法。
该电池最大的优势是可以随时随地折叠起来带走。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"
Theyneednoelectricaloutlettorecharge.Theyjustneedmorebacteria,whichcanbefoundeverywhere—includingdirtywater."
这种电池是不需要外接发电设备进行充电的,只需要细菌就可以充电了,这是该电池与传统电池的不同之处。
故选B。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的"
Whatpaper-basedbatterieswon'
tdoisgeneratemuchpower.Theydo,howevercreateenoughtorunsmalldevicesinfarawayordangerousplaces"
纸基电池不会储存很多的电量,但这些电量还是能远程支持一些小型设备或运用在一些危险的地方,A项符合题意,故选A。
(3)考查主旨大意。
根据第四段中的"
Thisinventionisbasedonanobservationmademorethanacenturyago—thatmicrobes(微生物)produceelectricityastheydigestfood"
,这项发明是基于百年前的一项观察,即微生物在消化食物的时候会产生电量。
因此,科学家们"
Scientistsrefertothebio-batteriesbasedonthisprincipleasmicrobialfuelcells"
根据这一原理将生物电池成为微生物燃料电池。
由此可知,第四段介绍了生物电池的工作原理,故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"
Thebeautyofthepaperdevicesisthatyoucansimplyfoldthemtoconnectthem"
该电池的优点是,人们可以简单地通过折叠来连接它们。
作者用到beauty"
优点"
一词来说明该设备,说明作者对于该设备持一种积极的态度。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Duringthisshoppingseason,salesmenwillcomeupwithdifferentstrategiestogetyourbusiness.Manyproductcompaniesusespecificcolorstocausepositiveemotionsandcompeteforasale.However,sightisnottheonlysensory(感官的)retailthatcompaniesuse.Soundsandsmellscanalsoinfluenceconsumers'
purchasingdecisions.
NobelPrize-winningresearchshowsthatoursenseofsmellhasgreatpowertocauseanemotionalresponse.AstudypublishedearlierthisyearcomparedpurchasinginaFrenchflowershopwhenthesmelloflavender(薰衣草)wasgivenoffandwhenitwasn'
t.Itfoundthatthesmellincreasedthenumberofconsumers'
purchasingitemsandtheamountoftheirpurchases.AnearlierstudyusingNikeshoesfoundthatconsumersdesiredtheshoesmore,andwerewillingtopaymore,whenthe
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