口语考试Word文档下载推荐.docx

口语考试Word文档下载推荐.docx

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Menandwomen’sprejudices

Theverylanguageweusetodiscussmen’sroles（i.e.,deadbeatdads）showsalackofappreciationforthemajorityofmenwhoquietlyyetproudlyfulfilltheirfamilyresponsibilities.Wealmostneverheartheterm“workingfather,”anditisrarethatcallsformoreworkplaceflexibilityareconsideredtobeformenasmuchasforwomen.Oursocietyactsasiffamilyobligationsarenotasimportanttofathersastheyaretomothers—asifcareersatisfactioniswhataman’slifeisallabout.

Evenmoreinsultingistherecentmediatrendofregardingat-homewivesas“statussymbols”—likeanexpensivecar—flauntedbythesupposedlyfewmenwhocanaffordsuchaluxury.Theimplicationisthatmenwithat-homewiveshaveiteasierthanthosewhosewivesworkoutsidethehomebecausetheyhavethe“luxury”ofafull-timehousekeeper.Inreality,however,themenwhoarethesolewageearnersfortheirfamiliessufferalotofstresses.Thelossofajob—oreventhethreatofthathappening—isobviouslymuchmoredifficultwhenthatjobisthesolesourceofincomeforafamily.Bythesametoken,solewageearnershavelessflexibilitywhenitcomestoleavingunsatisfyingcareersbecauseofthelossofincomesuchajobchangeentails.Inaddition,manyhusbandsworkovertimeorsecondjobstomakemoremoneyneededfortheirfamilies.Forthesemen,itisthefamilythatthejobsupportsthatmakesitallworthwhile.Itisthebeliefthathavingamotherathomeisimportanttothechildren,whichmakessomanymengladlytakeontheburdenofbeingasolewageearner.

Unit2 

Culture

PartI 

Readthefollowingpassagealoud.

Certainlessonshavetobelearnedthehardway.Somewellmeaningarticlesandpresentationsonculturaldifferenceshaveapotentialtodomoreharmthangoodandmaynotbeasamusing.Theypresent,likemybananas,toomanygeneralizationsorquiteadistortedview. 

SomeoftenheardgeneralizationsabouttheHispaniccultureinclude:

Hispanicsneedlesspersonalspace,makelesseyecontact,toucheachothermoreinnormalconversation,andarelesslikelytoparticipateinameeting.Generalizationsareoftendangerous,andespeciallywhenaccompaniedbyrecommendationssuchas:

movecloserwhentalkingtoHispanics,makemorephysicalcontact,don’texpectparticipation,andsoon. 

Differencesbetweenpeoplewithinanygivennationorculturearemuchgreaterthandifferencesbetweengroups.Education,socialstanding,religion,personality,beliefstructure,pastexperience,affectionshowninthehome,andamyriadofotherfactorswillaffecthumanbehaviorandculture. 

Suretherearedifferencesinapproachastowhatisconsideredpoliteandappropriatebehaviorbothonandoffthejob.Insomecultures“yes”means,“Ihearyou”morethan“Iagree.”Lengthofpleasantriesandgreetingsbeforegettingdowntobusiness,leveloftoleranceforbeingaroundsomeonespeakingaforeign（notunderstood）language,politenessmeasuredintermsofgallantryoretiquette（e.g.,standingupforawomanwhoapproachesatable,yieldingaseatonthebustoanolderperson,etc.）andmannerofexpecteddressareallexamplesofpossibleculturaldifferencesandtraditions.

Unit3 

Copyright

Therealityis:

Whetherthebulkofyourpresentationsarein-houseortoexternalaudiences,youroddsofbeingcaughtviolatingcopyrightareimprovingeveryday,asareyourchancesofpayingastifffine.Statutorydamagesforinfringingoncopyrightcanhit$20000perviolation,andtheycangoashighas$100000insomecircumstancesofwillfulviolation—andthat’saboveandbeyondthefineforactualdamages.Furthermore,commercialcopyrightviolationinvolvingmorethan10copiesandavalueofmorethan$2500isnowafelonyintheUnitedStates. 

Inonerecentcase,acorporationpaidaseven-figuresettlementforitsunauthorizedphotocopyingofarticlesfromatradejournalandarchivingthosecopiesforinternaldistribution.WithsimilarviolationsoccurringalmostdailyincorporateAmerica,andwithanincreaseinpiracyontheWorldWideWeb,licensingorganizations,performing-rightssocietiesandothercopyrightcopshavesteppedupactivitytoenforcetheirrights. 

TheTrainingMediaAssociation,awatchdogfortraining-videovendors,offersa$10000bountyforreportingillegalcopyingorunauthorized“publicperformance”ofoff-the-shelftrainingvideos.Atemporary-employmentagencyrecentlypaidasix-figureout-of-courtfeeafteroneofitsemployeesreportedittotheTMAformakingillegalcopiesoffourvideos（theagencyhadnolicensetodoso）andsendingthecopiesoutforuseinits50offices. 

Unit4 

LanguageandEconomy

Asformedicalschools,themainrequirement