机械毕业设计纸浆和造纸行业中的无水氨压力容器毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文.docx
- 文档编号:1490918
- 上传时间:2022-10-22
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:12
- 大小:32.31KB
机械毕业设计纸浆和造纸行业中的无水氨压力容器毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文.docx
《机械毕业设计纸浆和造纸行业中的无水氨压力容器毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《机械毕业设计纸浆和造纸行业中的无水氨压力容器毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
机械毕业设计纸浆和造纸行业中的无水氨压力容器毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文
毕业设计(论文)
外文文献翻译
文献、资料中文题目:
纸浆和造纸行业中的无水氨压力容器
文献、资料英文题目:
文献、资料来源:
文献、资料发表(出版)日期:
院(部):
专业:
班级:
姓名:
学号:
指导教师:
翻译日期:
2017.02.14
附录一外文原稿:
AnhydrousAmmoniaPressureVesselsInThePulpAndPaperIndustry
Thepurposeofthisarticleistoensurethatpulpandpaperoperatingcompanies,theirengineeringconsultants,andinspectioncontractorsareinformedaboutstresscorrosioncrackinginanhydrousammoniaservice.TheinformationwaswrittenbyataskgroupoftheTAPPIEngineeringDivisionNondestructiveTestingandQualityControlSubcommittee.
Bacteriainsomeactivatedsludgeeffluenttreatmentsystemsrequiresupplementaryfood.Insomecases,thisfoodisprovidedbyammoniaandphosphoricacidwhicharestoredonthemillsite.Ammoniaiscommonlystoredasanhydrousliquidammoniaincarbonsteelvesselsatambienttemperatureand16bar(250psig)pressure.
Thesevesselscanbesubjecttostresscorrosioncracking(SCC).SCCcouldcausereleaseofammonia,whichisahazardouschemical.SCCofcarbonsteelvesselsinanhydrousammoniaserviceissomewhatanalogoustothatexperiencedincontinuousdigesters.Forexample,theimportancesofstressreliefduringfabricationandofin-serviceinspectionarecommontoboth.
Thisarticleconcernsstorageinhorizontalpressurevesselsatambienttemperature,asthistypeofvesselisusedinpulpandpaperapplications.Largerefrigeratedstoragetanksareusedforatmosphericpressurestorageinthechemicalindustry.
HistoryofSccInAmmoniaStorageVessels
ThehistoryofSCCincarbonsteelammoniastoragevesselswasreviewedbyLoginow
(1)andisalsobrieflysummarizedinaNACETechnicalCommitteeReportentitled“IntegrityofEquipmentinAnhydrousAmmoniaStorageandHandling”
(2).Inthe1950s,liquefiedammoniabegantobeinjecteddirectlyintosoilforfertilization.FailureofcarbonsteelstoragevesselsbySCCbegantooccur.Thesefailureswereunexpectedsinceliquefiedammoniahadbeenusedformanyyearsintherefrigeration,chemical,andmetalheattreatingindustrieswithoutreportedproblems.
InvestigationconfirmedSCCtobethecauseofcracking.Threerecommendationsweremadein1962thatstillformthebasisofmoderncodes:
•Pressurevesselsshouldbefullystressrelieved.
•Extremecareshouldbeusedtoeliminateoxygenfromammoniasystems.
•Ammoniashouldcontainatleast0.2%watertoinhibitSCC.
LoginowreportedthatadoptionoftheserecommendationspracticallyeliminatedSCCincarbonsteelvesselsintheagricultureindustry.However,inarecentWesternCanadiansurveySCCwasfoundin100of117fieldstoragevesselsinspectedbywetfluorescentmagneticparticletesting(WFMT)(3).
DespitetheabovemeasuresSCCcontinuedtooccurinroadtransporttanksconstructedfromhighstrengthsteels,inrefrigeratedstoragevesselsandinvesselswhichhadbeenweldrepairedbutnotsubsequentlystressrelieved.AnadditionalrecommendationtolimitsteeltensileoryieldstrengthwasembodiedintheU.S.andBritishammoniastoragecodes,respectively(4,5).
•ANSIK61.1—Nominaltensilenogreaterthan70,000psi(580MPa)
•U.K.Code—Minimumspecifiedyieldstrengthshallnotexceed350MPa(51,000psi).
PRACTICALCONSIDERATIONS
Thisarticleisconcernedmainlywithpracticalconsiderationsimportanttopulpandpapermillsalreadypossessinganhydrousammoniastoragevesselsorplanningtofabricatesuchvessels.Inviewoftheindustry’sexperiencewithSCCincontinuousdigestersthegoverningobjectivesshouldbetocontrolfabricationandinspectiontoprevent,oratleastminimize,in-serviceproblemsincludingover-reactiontorelativelyminorcrackindications.Guidanceisavailableinthepublishedcodesanddetailedinformationisavailablefromsomeammoniasuppliers.
Fabrication
Thetwomainobjectivesinfabricationshouldbetoprovidethemostcrackresistantvesselpossibleatreasonablecostandtoensurethatanadequateinspectionbaselineisavailableforinterpretationofsubsequentin-serviceinspections.
ASMESectionVIIIDivision1doesnotrequirestressreliefforanhydrousammoniastoragepressurevesselsunlesstheownerspecifiesalethalservicedesignation.
Thelethalservicedesignationrequiresradiographictesting(RT)ofallbuttweldedjointspluspostweldheattreatment.
ANSIK-61.1-1989,“AmericanNationalStandardSafetyRequirementsfortheStorageandHandlingofAnhydrousAmmonia,”addsseveralrequirements:
•FabricationtoASMESectionVIIIDivision1TableUW12atajointefficiencylessthan80%isnotallowed.
•InspectionandtestingunderUG-90(c)
(2)(multiple,duplicatepressurevesselfabrication)isnotallowed.
•Steelusedforpressurecontainingpartsshallhaveanominaltensilestrengthnogreaterthan580MPa(70,000psi).
•Theminimumdesignpr
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 机械 毕业设计 纸浆 造纸 行业 中的 无水 压力容器 毕业论文 外文 文献 翻译 原文
![提示](https://static.bdocx.com/images/bang_tan.gif)