微观经济学名词解释双语版Word格式.docx
- 文档编号:14900690
- 上传时间:2022-10-25
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:13
- 大小:24.42KB
微观经济学名词解释双语版Word格式.docx
《微观经济学名词解释双语版Word格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《微观经济学名词解释双语版Word格式.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
thepropertyofdistributingeconomicprosperityfairlyamongthemembersofsociety.
Opportunitycost:
whatevermustbegivenuptoobtainsomeitem.
Rational:
systematicallyandpurposefullydoingthebestyoucantoachieveyourobjectives.
Marginalchanges:
smallincrementaladjustmentstoaplanofaction.
Incentive:
somethingthatinducesapersontoact.
Marketeconomy:
aneconomythatallocatesresourcesthroughthedecentralizeddecisionsofmanyfirmsandhouseholdsastheyinteractinmarketsforgoodsandservices.
Propertyrights:
theabilityofanindividualtoownandexercisecontroloverscarceresources.
Marketfailure:
asituationinwhichamarketleftonitsownfailstoallocateresourcesefficiently.
Externality:
theimpactofoneperson’sactionsonthewell-beingofabystander.
Marketpower:
theabilityofasingleeconomicactor(orsmallgroupofactors)tohaveasubstantialinfluenceonmarketprices.
Productivity:
thequantityofgoodsandservicesproducedfromeachhourofaworker’stime.
Inflation:
anincreaseintheoveralllevelofpricesintheeconomy.
Phillipscurve:
acurvethatshowstheshort-runtradeoffbetweeninflationandunemployment.
Businesscycle:
fluctuationsineconomicactivity,suchasemploymentandproduction.
Circular-flowdiagram:
avisualmodeloftheeconomythatshowshowdollarsflowthroughmarketsamonghouseholdsandfirms.
Productionpossibilitiesfrontier:
agraphthatshowsthecombinationsofoutputthattheeconomycanpossiblyproducegiventheavailablefactorsofproductionandtheavailableproductiontechnology.
Microeconomics:
thestudyofhowhouseholdsandfirmsmakedecisionsandhowtheyinteractinmarkets.
Macroeconomics:
thestudyofeconomy-widephenomena,includinginflation,unemployment,andeconomicgrowth.
Positivestatements:
claimsthatattempttodescribetheworldasitis.
Invisibalhand
Economicman
Perfectinformation
Marketclearing
CHAPTER2Supply-DemandEquilibrium
Quantitydemanded:
theamountofagoodthatbuyersarewillingandabletopurchase.
Lawofdemand:
theclaimthat,otherthingsequal,thequantitydemandedofagoodfallswhenthepriceofthegoodrises.
Demandschedule:
atablethatshowstherelationshipbetweenthepriceofagoodandthequantitydemanded.
Demandcurve:
agraphoftherelationshipbetweenthepriceofagoodandthequantitydemanded.
Normalgood:
agoodforwhich,otherthingsequal,anincreaseinincomeleadstoanincreaseindemand.
Inferiorgood:
agoodforwhich,otherthingsequal,anincreaseinincomeleadstoadecreaseindemand.
Substitutes:
twogoodsforwhichanincreaseinthepriceofonegoodleadstoanincreaseinthedemandfortheother.
Complements:
twogoodsforwhichanincreaseinthepriceofonegoodleadstoadecreaseinthedemandfortheother.
quantitysupplied:
theamountofagoodthatsellersarewillingandabletosell.
Lawofsupply:
theclaimthat,otherthingsequal,thequantitysuppliedofagoodriseswhenthepriceofthegoodrises.
Supplyschedule:
atablethatshowstherelationshipbetweenthepriceofagoodandthequantitysupplied.
Supplycurve:
agraphoftherelationshipbetweenthepriceofagoodandthequantitysupplied.
Equilibrium:
asituationinwhichthepricehasreachedthelevelwherequantitysuppliedequalsquantitydemanded.
Equilibriumprice:
thepricethatbalancesquantitysuppliedandquantitydemanded.
Equilibriumquantity:
thequantitysuppliedandthequantitydemandedattheequilibriumprice.
Surplus:
asituationinwhichquantitysuppliedisgreaterthanquantitydemanded.
Shortage:
asituationinwhichquantitydemandedisgreaterthanquantitysupplied.
Lawofsupplyanddemand:
theclaimthatthepriceofanygoodadjuststobringthesupplyanddemandforthatgoodintobalance.
Priceceiling:
alegalmaximumonthepriceatwhichagoodcanbesold.
Pricefloor:
alegalminimumonthepriceatwhichagoodcanbesold.
Taxincidence:
themannerinwhichtheburdenofataxissharedamongparticipantsinamarket.
Elasticity:
ameasureoftheresponsivenessofquantitydemandedorquantitysuppliedtooneofitsdeterminants.
Priceelasticityofdemand:
ameasureofhowmuchthequantitydemandedofagoodrespondstoachangeinthepriceofthatgood,computedasthepercentagechangeinquantitydemandeddividedbythepercentagechangeinprice.
Totalrevenue:
theamountpaidbybuyersandreceivedbysellersofagood,computedasthepriceofthegoodtimesthequantitysold.
Incomel
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 微观经济学 名词 解释 双语版