国际商务合同复习资料10Word格式文档下载.doc
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国际商务合同复习资料10Word格式文档下载.doc
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④Useofafactor
⑤Useofforwardandoptionscontractsinaprocessknownashedging
3.为什么保护知识产权很重要?
P71-P72+后果
Whytheprotectionofintellectualpropertyisveryimportant?
Uniquedesigns,methods,names,andsymbolsconstituteindustrialandintellectualproperty.Theexclusiverightstosuchpropertyarevaluable.Forexample,anamecanservenotonlytodistinguishyourgoodsareservicesbutalsotoextendthebuyer’strusttoyourentireproductorserviceline.
Ifanothertraderuseyournameorcopyyourdesignwithoutyourconsent,youmaylosenotonlysalesbutalsothevalueofyourreputation.Youmayevenloseyourexclusiverightstoyourname,work,ordesign.Sothecontractualprotectionofyourexclusiverightstoyourindustrialandintellectualpropertyisveryimportant.
4、合同纠纷解决要扩展(page113)
Contractdisputeresolution
Communication,waiver,modificationandnegotiation沟通、豁免、修改、谈判
Communicationbetweenyouandyourforeignbusinesspartnerisessentialtokeepingtherelationship.你们和你的外国商业伙伴之间的交流是保持关系是至重要原因的。
Negotiation,followedbywrittenconfirmationofanywaiverormodifiedcontractterm,isthemosteffectivemeansofresolutionintermsofcostandtime谈判,紧随其后的书面确认任何放弃或修改合同期内,最有效的手段是在成本和时间方面决议
1)Mediation调解
TheprocessofMediationisinessenceanegotiationthatisfacilitatedbyanobjectthirdperson.调解的过程,本质上是一次借助于一个对象是第三人的谈判
Advantagesanddisadvantages:
thefocusofmediationisonthefuturerelationshipoftheparties.优点和缺点:
调解的焦点是对未来双方的关系。
Thisprocessisinformal,relativelyeasyandfast,andlesscostlythanarbitrationortrial.这个过程被非正式的、相对简单和快速,仲裁费用少于或审判。
Procedures:
thepartiestypicallychooseamediatororarereferredtomediationbyacourtbeforelitigationispursued.
2)Arbitration
Arbitrationisanadjudicatoryprocessthatisheldbeforeanobjectthirdpartywhorendersadecisionbasedontheadversarialpresentationsofthedisputingparties.仲裁是一个评判过程举行前呈现一个第三方的对抗性的演讲
Theprocessofarbitrationiscontrolledbylaws,rules,andregulationsspecifictotheforumchosenforthearbitration.Thustheprocedureswillvarydependingontheforumselectedbytheparties仲裁的过程的控制是由法律、规则和特定规定。
因此,程序将取决于法庭当事人选择
3)Litigation
Litigationiscostly,timeconsuming,andevenifultimatelyresolvedinyourfavorstilldoesnotaddressaprimaryconcern.Thecourtsofmanycountriesarebiasedinfavoroftheirownnationals,andforeignersrarely,ifever,obtainsatisfaction.Thebestadvicesistoavoidlitigationaltogether诉讼是昂贵的,耗时的,即使最终解决有利于你,但是诉讼仍然没有解决当事人主要关心的问题。
很多国家的法院诉讼都有利于自己的公民而不利于国外公民,如果可以的话,,皆大欢喜的情况,最好的建议完全是为了避免诉讼
5、如何使合同条款更加严谨?
Howtotightenyourclauses?
P8810选6
6、仲裁与诉讼的比较
Advantagestoarbitration仲裁的优势
1、Itislessexpensiveandfasterthanacourttrial
2、Thepartiestendtohavemorecontroloverthechoiceofthedecisionmakers
3、Manyoftherulesgoverningproceduresandadmissionofevidencearerelaxedinarbitrationproceedings
Disadvantagestoarbitration仲裁的不足
1、Inmanycountries,arbitrationisunavailableorisjustbeingdeveloped
2、Therelativelylowcostofarbitrationwhencomparedwithtrialproceedingsdoesnotmeanthatarbitrationischeap
3、Thearbitrationwillresolvepastdifferences,butoftenwillnotbuildacontinuingrelationship
LitigationtoAdvantages诉讼的优势
1、Inmanycountries,thecourtsystemsarewell-developedandeffective,youmayjustgetaquickandfairtrial
2、Youmayevenbeaawardedcostsandattorney’sfeesasthewinningparty
3、Youmayfindthatenforcementisfairlyeasy
Disadvantagestolitigation诉讼的不足
1、Litigationismoreexpensiveandslowerthanarbitration
2、Thepartiestendtohavelesscontroloverthechoiceofthedecisionmaker
3、ManyoftherulesgoverningproceduresandadmissionofevidencearestrictinLitigation
7、买方的隐形成本P16——P19写满即可不用全部抄下
TheBuyer’sHiddenCosts
一、Internationalshipping→P16
1)Customsclearance→Ifthesellerisnotresponsibleforclearinggoodsthroughcustoms,youwillbe
2)Insurance→Youshouldconsiderobtainingagainsttheriskoflossofdamagetothegoodsintransport,particularlyifasubstantialamountofmoneyisinvolved
3)Interruptionofbusiness→Youshouldconsiderwhetheryouwillhaveanyinterruptioninyourownbusinesswhenthegoodsarrive,whetherfortraining,installation.Testing,maintenance,orotherwise
4)HospitalityCost→Whetheryouarebuyinggoodsorservices,youmayincurcostsforentertainingavisitingseller
5)ThirdPartyExpenses
6)LostsalesorproductionDelays→Ifsatisfactorygoodsdonotarriveorservicesareinadequate
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