英语学习之经典翻译:孝经文档格式.doc
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英语学习之经典翻译:孝经文档格式.doc
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Theancientkingshadaperfectvirtueandall-embracingruleofconduct,throughwhichtheywereinaccordwithallunderheaven.Bythepracticeofitthepeoplewerebroughttoliveinpeaceandharmony,andtherewasnoill-willbetweensuperiorsandinferiors.Doyouknowwhatitwas?
"
Zengrosefromhismatandsaid,"
HowshouldI,Shen,whoamsodevoidofintelligence,beabletoknowthis?
TheMastersaid,"
(Itwasfilialpiety.)Nowfilialpietyistherootof(all)virtue,3and(thestem)outofwhichgrows(allmoral)teaching.Sitdownagain,andIwillexplainthesubjecttoyou.Ourbodies—toeveryhairandbitofskin—arereceivedbyusfromourparents,andwemustnotpresumetoinjureorwoundthem.Thisisthebeginningoffilialpiety.Whenwehaveestablishedourcharacterbythepracticeofthe(filial)course,soastomakeournamefamousinfutureagesandtherebyglorifyourparents,thisistheendoffilialpiety.Itcommenceswiththeserviceofparents;
itproceedstotheserviceoftheruler;
itiscompletedbytheestablishmentofcharacter.
ItissaidintheMajorOdesoftheKingdom:
Everthinkofyourancestor,
Cultivatingyourvirtue."
4
Notes
1Thisisthezior"
style"
ofConfucius.
2ZengZispeaksinfourteensayingsintheAnalects,e.g.,1.4.Henameshimselfabitlaterbyhismingor"
givenname,"
Shen.Hisnameistraditionallyassociatedwiththevirtueoffilialpiety;
see,forexample,Analects1.9&
19.17&
18.
3"
Allvirtue"
meansthefivevirtuousprinciples,theconstituentsofhumanity:
benevolence,righteousness,propriety,knowledge,andfidelity.
4ShiIII,i,ode1,stanza6,p.431.Mao235.
IIFilialPietyintheSonofHeaven
Hewholoveshisparentswillnotdare(toincurtheriskof)beinghatedbyanyman,andhewhorevereshisparentswillnotdare(toincurtheriskof)beingcontemnedbyanyman.1Whentheloveandreverence(oftheSonofHeaven)arethuscarriedtotheutmostintheserviceofhisparents,thelessonsofhisvirtueaffectallthepeople,andhebecomesapatternto(allwithin)thefourseas.ThisisthefilialpietyoftheSonofHeaven.
Itissaidin(theMarquisof)FuonPunishments:
TheOnemanwillhavefelicity,
andthemillionsofthepeoplewilldependon(whatensureshishappiness)."
2
1Manytranslatorshavemissedthepassiveforceofthisconstruction.
2ShuJing,volIIIofTheChineseClassics,p.600.
IIIFilialPietyinthePrincesofStates
Aboveothers,andyetfreefrompride,theydwellonhigh,withoutperil.Adheringtoeconomyandcarefullyobservantoftherulesandlaws,theyarefull,withoutoverflowing.Todwellonhighwithoutperilisthewaylongtopreservenobility;
tobefullwithoutoverflowingisthewaylongtopreserveriches.Whentheirrichesandnobilitydonotleavetheirpersons,thentheyareabletopreservethealtarsoftheirlandandgrain,andtosecuretheharmonyoftheirpeopleandmeninoffice.1Thisisthefilialpietyoftheprincesofstates.
ItissaidintheBookofPoetry:
Beapprehensive,becautious,
Asifonthebrinkofadeepabyss,
Asiftreadingonthinice."
1Thekinghadagreataltartothespirit(orspirits)presidingovertheland.Thecoloroftheearthinthecenterofitwasyellow;
thatoneachofitsfoursidesdifferedaccordingtothecolorsassignedtothefourquartersofthesky.Aportionofthisearthwascutawayandformedthenucleusofacorrespondingaltarineachfeudalstate,accordingtotheirpositionrelativetothecapital.Theprinceofthestatehadtheprerogativeofsacrificingthere.Asimilarruleprevailedforthealtarstothespiritspresidingoverthegrain.Solongasafamilyruledinastate,solongitschiefofferedthosesacrifices;
andtheextinctionofthesacrificeswasanemphaticwayofdescribingtheruinandextinctionoftherulinghouse.
2Shi,II,v,ode1,stanza6,p.333.Mao195.ThispassageiscitedbyZengZiinAnalects8.3.
IVFilialPietyinHighMinistersandGreatOfficers
Theydonotpresumetowearrobesotherthanthoseappointedbythelawsoftheancientkings,nortospeakwordsotherthanthosesanctionedbytheirspeech,nortoexhibitconductotherthanthatexemplifiedbytheirvirtuousways.Thusnoneoftheirwordsbeingcontrarytothosesanctions,andnoneoftheiractionscontrarytothe(right)way,fromtheirmouthstherecomesnoexceptionablespeech,andintheirconducttherearefoundnoexceptionableactions.Theirwordsmayfillallunderheaven,andnoerrorofspeechwillbefoundinthem.Theiractionsmayfillallunderheaven,andnodissatisfactionordislik
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