英语文献综述Word格式文档下载.docx
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英语文献综述Word格式文档下载.docx
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.ThepurposesofliteraturereviewAndItsComponents
A.ThePurposes
Ontheonehand,ithelpsyoubroadentheviewandperspectiveofthetopicforyourgraduationthesis.
Ontheotherhand,ithelpsyounarrowdownthetopicandarriveatafocusedresearchquestion.
B.ItsComponents
TherearesixpartsinacompleteLiteratureReview.
标题与作者(titleandauthor)
摘要与关键词(abstractandkeywords)
引言(introduction)
述评(review)
结论(conclusion)
参考文献(references)
.ClassificationofSourceMaterials
Howcanwelocatethematerialsrelevanttoourtopicsbetterandfaster?
Basically,allthesesourcematerialsmaybeclassifiedintofourmajorsofsources.
A:
Backgroundsources:
Basicinformationwhichcanusuallybefoundindictionariesandencyclopediacompliedbymajorscholarsorfoundersofthefield.ThreeverygoodandcommonlyrecommencedencyclopediasareencyclopediasABC,namely,EncyclopediaAmericana,EncyclopediaBritannica,andCollier’sEncyclopedia.Therearealsoreferenceworksmorespecialized,suchasTheEncyclopediaofLanguageandLinguisticsforlinguisticsandTEFLstudies.Moreover,youmayalsofindEncyclopediaontheweb.
B:
Primarysources
Thoseprovidingdirectevidence,suchasworksofscholarsofthefield,biographiesorautobiographies,memoirs,speeches,lectures,diaries,collectionofletters,interviews,casestudies,approaches,etc.Primarysourcescomeinvariousshapesandsizes,andoftenyouhavetodoalittlebitofresearchaboutthesourcetomakesureyouhavecorrectlyidentifiedit.Whenafirstsearchyieldstoofewresults,trysearchingbybroadertopic;
whenasearchyieldstoomanyresults,refineyoursearchbynarrowingdownyoursearch.
C:
Secondarysources
Thoseprovidingindirectevidence,suchasresearcharticlesorpapers,bookreviews,assays,journalarticlesbyexpertsinagivenfield,studiesonauthorsorwritersandtheirworks,etc.Secondarysourceswillinformmostofyourwritingincollege.Youwilloftenbeaskedtoresearchyourtopicusingprimarysources,butsecondarysourceswilltellyouwhichprimarysourcesyoushoulduseandwillhelpyouinterpretthoseprimarysources.Tousethemewell,however,youneedtothinkcriticallythem.Therearetwopartsofasourcethatyouneedtoanalyze:
thetextitselfandtheargumentwithinthetext.
D:
Websources
Thesourcesorinformationfromwebsites.Webservesasanexcellentresourceforyourmaterials.However,youneedtoselectandevaluateWebsourceswithspecialcareforveryoftenWebsourceslackqualitycontrol.Youmaystartwithsearchengines,suchasGoogle,Yahoo,Ask,Excite,etc.It’sagoodideatotrymorethanonesearchengine,sinceeachlocatessourcesinitsownway.Whenusingwebsitesforinformation,besuretotakecarefortheauthorshipandsponsorship.Iftheyarebothunclear,becriticalwhenyouuseinformation.Thecurrencyofwebsiteinformationshouldalsobetakenintoaccount.Don’tusetoooutinformationdatedforyourpurpose.
.MajorstrategiesofSelectingMaterialsforliteraturereview
A.Choosingprimarysourcesratherthansecondarysources
Ifyouhavetwosources,oneofthemsummarizingorexplainingaworkandtheothertheworkitself,choosetheworkitself.Neverattempttowriteapaperonatopicwithoutreadingtheoriginalsource.
B.Choosingsourcesthatgiveavarietyofviewpointsonyourthesis
Rememberthatgoodargumentessaystakeintoaccountcounterarguments.Donotrejectasourcebecauseitmakesanargumentagainstyouthesis.
C.Choosingsourcesthatcoverthetopicindepth
ProbablymostbooksonCommunicativeLanguageTeachingmentionWilliamLittlewood,butifthisyourtopic,youwillfindthatfewsourcescoverthetopicindepth.Choosethose.
D.Choosingsourceswrittenbyacknowledgedexperts
IfyouhaveachoicebetweenanarticlewrittenbyafreelancejournalistonTask-basedTeachingandonewrittenbyarecognizedexpertlikeDavidNunan,Choosethearticlebytheexpert.
E.Choosingthemostcurrentsources
Ifyourtopicinvolvesacurrentissueorsocialproblemordevelopmentinascientificfield,itisessentialtofindthelatestpossibleinformation.Ifallthebooksonthesetopicsareratherold,youprobablyneedtolookforinformationinperiodicals.
.WritingaliteratureReview
A.Whenyoureviewrelatedliterature,themajorreviewfocusesshouldbe:
1.Theprevailingandcurrenttheorieswhichunderlietheresearchproblem.
2.Themaincontroversiesabouttheissue,andabouttheproblem.
3.Themajorfindingsinthearea,bywhomandwhen.
4.Thestudieswhichcanbeconsi
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