岩土工程专业翻译英文原文和译文Word文档格式.doc
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岩土工程专业翻译英文原文和译文Word文档格式.doc
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FailurePropertiesofFracturedRockMassesasAnisotropicHomogenizedMedia
译作题目:
均质各向异性裂隙岩体的破坏特性
专业:
土木工程
姓名:
吴雄
指导教师:
吴雄志
河北工程大学土木工程学院
2012年5月21日
FailurePropertiesofFracturedRockMassesasAnisotropic
HomogenizedMedia
Introduction
Itiscommonlyacknowledgedthatrockmassesalwaysdisplaydiscontinuoussurfacesofvarioussizesandorientations,usuallyreferredtoasfracturesorjoints.Sincethelatterhavemuchpoorermechanicalcharacteristicsthantherockmaterial,theyplayadecisiveroleintheoverallbehaviorofrockstructures,whosedeformationaswellasfailurepatternsaremainlygovernedbythoseofthejoints.Itfollowsthat,fromageomechanicalengineeringstandpoint,designmethodsofstructuresinvolvingjointedrockmasses,mustabsolutelyaccountforsuch‘‘weakness’’surfacesintheiranalysis.
Themoststraightforwardwayofdealingwiththissituationistotreatthejointedrockmassasanassemblageofpiecesofintactrockmaterialinmutualinteractionthroughtheseparatingjointinterfaces.Manydesign-orientedmethodsrelatingtothiskindofapproachhavebeendevelopedinthepastdecades,amongthem,thewell-known‘‘blocktheory,’’whichattemptstoidentifypoten-
tiallyunstablelumpsofrockfromgeometricalandkinematicalconsiderations(GoodmanandShi1985;
Warburton1987;
Goodman1995).Oneshouldalsoquotethewidelyuseddistinctelementmethod,originatingfromtheworksofCundallandcoauthors(CundallandStrack1979;
Cundall1988),whichmakesuseofanexplicitfinite-differencenumericalschemeforcomputingthedisplacementsoftheblocksconsideredasrigidordeformablebodies.Inthiscontext,attentionisprimarilyfocusedontheformulationofrealisticmodelsfordescribingthejointbehavior.
Sincethepreviouslymentioneddirectapproachisbecominghighlycomplex,andthennumericallyuntractable,assoonasaverylargenumberofblocksisinvolved,itseemsadvisabletolookforalternativemethodssuchasthosederivedfromtheconceptofhomogenization.Actually,suchaconceptisalreadypartiallyconveyedinanempiricalfashionbythefamousHoekandBrown’scriterion(HoekandBrown1980;
Hoek1983).Itstemsfromtheintuitiveideathatfromamacroscopicpointofview,arockmassintersectedbyaregularnetworkofjointsurfaces,maybeperceivedasahomogeneouscontinuum.Furthermore,owingtotheexistenceofjointpreferentialorientations,oneshouldexpectsuchahomogenizedmaterialtoexhibitanisotropicproperties.
Theobjectiveofthepresentpaperistoderivearigorousformulationforthefailurecriterionofajointedrockmassasahomogenizedmedium,fromtheknowledgeofthejointsandrockmaterialrespectivecriteria.Intheparticularsituationwheretwomutuallyorthogonaljointsetsareconsidered,aclosed-formexpressionisobtained,givingclearevidenceoftherelatedstrengthanisotropy.Acomparisonisperformedonanillustrativeexamplebetweentheresultsproducedbythehomogenizationmethod,makinguseofthepreviouslydeterminedcriterion,andthoseobtainedbymeansofacomputercodebasedonthedistinctelementmethod.Itisshownthat,whilebothmethodsleadtoalmostidenticalresultsforadenselyfracturedrockmass,a‘‘size’’or‘‘scaleeffect’’isobservedinthecaseofalimitednumberofjoints.Thesecondpartofthepaperisthendevotedtoproposingamethodwhichattemptstocapturesuchascaleeffect,whilestilltakingadvantageofahomogenizationtechnique.ThisisachievedbyresortingtoamicropolarorCosseratcontinuumdescriptionofthefracturedrockmass,throughthederivationofageneralizedmacroscopicfailureconditionexpressedintermsofstressesandcouplestresses.Theimplementationofthismodelisfinallyillustratedonasimpleexample,showinghowitmayactuallyaccountforsuchascaleeffect.
ProblemStatementandPrincipleofHomogenizationApproach
Theproblemunderconsiderationisthatofafoundation(bridgepierorabutment)restinguponafracturedbedrock(Fig.1),whosebearing
capacityneedstobeevaluatedfromtheknowledgeofthestrengthcapacitiesoftherockmatrixandthejointinterfaces.ThefailureconditionoftheformerwillbeexpressedthroughtheclassicalMohr-Coulombconditionexpressedbymeansofthecohesionandthefrictionangle.Notethattensilestresseswillbecountedpositivethroughoutthepaper.
Likewise,thejointswillbemodeledasplaneinterfaces(representedbylinesinthefigure’splane).Theirstrengthpropertiesaredescribedbymeansofaconditioninvolvingthestressvectorofcomponents(σ,τ)actingatanypointofthoseinterfaces
Accordingtotheyielddesign(orlimitanalysis)reasoning,theabovestructurewillremainsafeunderagivenverticalloadQ(forceperunitlengthalongtheOzax
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