国际企业管理文化战略与行为 期末重点复习Word格式文档下载.docx
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国际企业管理文化战略与行为 期末重点复习Word格式文档下载.docx
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FTAA:
FreeTradeAgreementoftheAmericas.
FDI:
foreigndirectinvestment
Globaleconomicsystems:
1.Marketeconomy
2.Commandeconomy
3.Mixedeconomy
CHAPTER2
Ideologies:
1.Individualism:
thepoliticalphilosophythatpeopleshouldbefreetopursueeconomicandpoliticalendeavorswithoutconstraint.
2.Collectivism:
thepoliticalphilosophythatviewstheneedsorgoalsofsocietyasawholeasmoreimportantthanindividualdesires.
3.Socialism:
amoderateformofcollectivisminwhichthereisgovernmentownershipofinstitutions,andprofitisnottheultimategoal.
Legalandregulatoryenvironment
Therearethreefoundationsonwhichlawsarebasedaroundtheworld.Brieflysummarized,theseare:
1.Islamiclaw:
lawthatisderivedfrominterpretationoftheQur’anandtheteachingsoftheProphetMuhammadandisfoundinmostIslamiccountries.
2.Commonlaw:
lawthatderivesfromEnglishlawandisthefoundationsoflegislationintheUnitedStates,Canada,andEngland,amongothernations.
3.Civilorcodelaw:
lawthatisderivedfromRomanlawandisfoundinthenon-Islamicandnonsocialistcountries.ThelawChinausediscivilorcodelaw.
Basicprinciplesofinternationallaw:
1.Sovereigntyandsovereignimmunity:
principleofsovereignty:
aninternationalprincipleoflawwhichholdsthatgovernmentshavetherighttorulethemselvesastheyseefit.
2.Internationaljurisdiction:
whichincludesnationalityprinciple,territorialityprinciple,protectiveprinciple.
Nationalityprinciple:
ajurisdictionalprincipleofinternationallawwhichholdsthateverycountryhasjurisdictionoveritscitizensnomatterwheretheyarelocated.
Territorialityprinciple:
aprinciplewhichholdsthateverynationhastherightofjurisdictionwithinitslegalterritory.
Protectiveprinciple:
ajurisdictionalprincipleoflawwhichholdsthateverycountryhasjurisdictionoverbehaviorthatadverselyaffectsitsnationalsecurity,eveniftheconductoccurredoutsidethatcountry.
3.Doctrineofcomity:
ajurisdictionalprincipleoflawwhichholdsthattheremustbemutualrespectforthelaws,institutions,andgovernmentsofothercountriesinthematterofjurisdictionovertheirowncitizens.
4.Actofstatedoctrine:
aprinciplewhichholdsthatallactsofothergovernmentsareconsideredtobevalidbyU.S.counts,evenifsuchactsareillegalorinappropriateunderU.S.law.
5.Treatmentandrightsofaliens:
countrieshavethelegalrighttorefuseadmissionofforeigncitizensandtoimposespecialrestrictionsontheirconduct,theirrightoftravel,wheretheycanstay,andwhatbusinesstheymayconduct.
6.Forumforhearingandsettlingdisputes:
thisisaprincipleofU.S.asitappliestinternationallaw.U.S.courtscandismisscasesbroughtbeforethembyforeigners.
Examplesoflegalandregulatoryissues:
1.Financialservicesregulation.
2.Foreigncorruptpracticesact(FCPA):
anactthatmakesitillegaltoinfluenceforeignofficialsthroughpersonalpaymentorpoliticalcontributions.
3.Bureaucratization
Chapter4
Culture:
acquiredknowledgethatpeopleusetointerpretexperienceandgeneratesocialbehavior.Thisknowledgeformsvalues,createsattitudes,andinfluencesbehavior.
Characteristicsofculture:
1.Learned.Cultureisnotinheritedorbiologicallybased;
itisacquiredbylearningandexperience.
2.Shared:
peopleasmembersofqgroup,organization,orsocietyshareculture;
itisnotspecifictosingleindividuals.
3.Transgenerational:
cultureiscumulative,passeddownfromonegenerationtothenext.
4.Symbolic:
cultureisbasedonthehumancapacitytosymbolizeoruseonethingtorepresentanother.
5.Patterned:
culturehasstructureandisintegrated;
achangeinonepartwillbringchangesinanother.
6.Adaptive:
Cultureisbasedonthehumancapacitytochangeoradapt,asopposedtothemoregeneticallydrivenadaptiveprocessofanimals.
Culturaldiversity
Inoverallterms,theculturalimpactoninternationalmanagementisreflectedbybasicbeliefsandbehaviors.Herearesomespecificexampleswherethecultureofasocietycandirectlyaffectmanagementapproaches:
1.Centralizedvs.decentralized
2.Safetyvs.risk
3.Individualvs.group
4.Informalvs.formal
5.Highvs.loworganizationalloyalty
6.Cooperationvs.competition
7.Stabilityvs.innovation
Themodelofculture:
Therearethreelayersofculture:
1.Theimplicit,basic,assumptionsthatguidepeople’sbehavior;
2.Thenormsandvaluesthatguidethesociety;
3.Theexplicitartifactsa
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