土木工程外文文献及翻译文档格式.doc
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土木工程外文文献及翻译文档格式.doc
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文献、资料题目:
DesigningAgainstFireOfBuilding
文献、资料来源:
国道数据库
文献、资料发表(出版)日期:
2008.3.25
院(部):
土木工程学院
专业:
土木工程
班级:
土木辅修091
姓名:
武建伟
学号:
2008121008
指导教师:
周学军、李相云
翻译日期:
20012.6.1
-22-
外文文献:
DesigningAgainstFireOfBuliding
JohnLynch
ABSTRACT:
Thispaperconsidersthedesignofbuildingsforfiresafety.Itisfoundthatfireandtheassoci-atedeffectsonbuildingsissignificantlydifferenttootherformsofloadingsuchasgravityliveloads,windandearthquakesandtheirrespectiveeffectsonthebuildingstructure.Fireeventsarederivedfromthehumanactivitieswithinbuildingsorfromthemalfunctionofmechanicalandelectricalequipmentprovidedwithinbuildingstoachieveaserviceableenvironment.Itisthereforepossibletodirectlyinfluencetherateoffirestartswithinbuildingsbychanginghumanbehaviour,improvedmaintenanceandimproveddesignofmechanicalandelectricalsystems.Furthermore,shouldafiredevelops,itispossibletodirectlyinfluencetheresultingfireseveritybytheincorporationoffiresafetysystemssuchassprinklersandtoprovidemeasureswithinthebuildingtoenablesaferegressfromthebuilding.Theabilitytoinfluencetherateoffirestartsandtheresultingfireseverityisuniquetotheconsiderationoffirewithinbuildingssinceotherloadssuchaswindandearthquakesaredirectlyafunctionofnature.Thepossibleapproachesfordesigningabuildingforfiresafetyarepresentedusinganexampleofamulti-storeybuildingconstructedoverarailwayline.Thedesignofboththetransferstructuresupportingthebuildingovertherailwayandthelevelsabovethetransferstructureareconsideredinthecontextofcurrentregulatoryrequirements.Theprinciplesandassumptionsassoci-atedwithvariousapproachesarediscussed.
1INTRODUCTION
Otherpaperspresentedinthisseriesconsiderthedesignofbuildingsforgravityloads,windandearthquakes.Thedesignofbuildingsagainstsuchloadeffectsistoalargeextentcoveredbyengineeringbasedstandardsreferencedbythebuildingregulations.Thisisnotthecase,tonearlythesameextent,inthecaseoffire.Rather,itisbuildingregulationssuchastheBuildingCodeofAustralia(BCA)thatdirectlyspecifymostoftherequirementsforfiresafetyofbuildingswithreferencebeingmadetoStandardssuchasAS3600orAS4100formethodsfordeterminingthefireresistanceofstructuralelements.
Thepurposeofthispaperistoconsiderthedesignofbuildingsforfiresafetyfromanengineeringperspective(asiscurrentlydoneforotherloadssuchaswindorearthquakes),whilstatthesametime,puttingsuchapproachesinthecontextofthecurrentregulatoryrequirements.Attheoutset,itneedstobenotedthatdesigningabuildingforfiresafetyisfarmorethansimplyconsideringthebuildingstructureandwhetherithassufficientstructuraladequacy.Thisisbecausefirescanhaveadirectinfluenceonoccupantsviasmokeandheatandcangrowinsizeandseverityunlikeothereffectsimposedonthebuilding.Notwithstandingthesecomments,thefocusofthispaperwillbelargelyondesignissuesassociatedwiththebuildingstructure.
Twosituationsassociatedwithabuildingareusedforthepurposeofdiscussion.Themulti-storeyofficebuildingshowninFigure1issupportedbyatransferstructurethatspansoverasetofrailwaytracks.Itisassumedthatawiderangeofrailtrafficutilisesthesetracksincludingfreightanddiesellocomotives.Thefirstsituationtobeconsideredfromafiresafetyperspectiveisthetransferstructure.ThisistermedSituation1andthekeyquestionsare:
whatleveloffireresistanceisrequiredforthistransferstructureandhowcanthisbedetermined?
Thissituationhasbeenchosensinceitclearlyfallsoutsidethenormalregulatoryscopeofmostbuild-ingregulations.Anengineeringsolution,ratherthanaprescriptiveoneisrequired.Thesecondfiresituation(termedSituation2)correspondstoafirewithintheofficelevelsofthebuildingandiscoveredbybuildingregulations.Thissituationischosenbecauseitwillenableadiscussionofengineeringapproachesandhowtheseinterfacewiththebuildingregulations–sincebothengineeringandprescriptivesolutionsarepossible.
2UNIQUENESSOFFIRE
2.1Introduction
Windandearthquakescanbeconsideredtobe“natural”phenomenaoverwhichdesignershavenocontrolexceptperhapstochoosethelocationofbuildingsmorecarefullyonthebasisofhistoricalrecordsandtodesignbuildingtoresistsufficientlyhighloadsoraccelerationsfortheparticularlocation.Deadandliveloadsinbuildingsaretheresultofgravity.Alloftheseloadsarevariableanditispossible(althoughgenerallyunlikely)thattheloadsmayexceedtheresistanceo
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