人参英文简介.docx
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人参英文简介.docx
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人参英文简介
Morphological characteristics
Is a perennial herb, ginseng root height of 30-60 cm, fleshy,
succulent, yellowish white, cylindrical or spindle, the following slightly
branched; rhizomes(LO) short, erect.Ginseng stem erect, cylindrical,
unbranched; annual plantstem top only leaf, leaves with three leaflets, common
name "three flowers";biennial stems are still only a leaf, but 5 - foliolate,
called "slap"; has twoopposite 5 compound leaves three years living, called
"the two Jia Zi"; fouryears of living to 3 whorled, pinnately compound, called
"lamp table"; five years of living to 4 whorled, pinnately compound, called
"four horse leaves; " sixannual Top 5 whorled leaf stems, called "five horse
leaves".Ginseng leavespalmate, flocculus 3-5 piece, between 3 nearly equal,
with small leaf; leaveselliptic or slightly obovate, 4-15 cm long, 2-6.5 cm
wide, apex acuminate, base cuneate, margin serrulate, above veins scattered a
few setae, below, glabrous, leaflets 1 to the next very small, no small petiole.
Ginseng flower in summer, umbel single top students Ye Congzhong, peduncle to
30 cm long, with 4-40 more than flowers per inflorescence, pedicel c
A.0.5 cm.
Bracts small, linear lanceolate; calyx bell shape, healing and ovary, lobes 5,
green; petals 5, ovate, margin entire, yellowish green; stamens 5, filaments
short; pistil 1, below ovary, 2 rooms, styles 2, connate proximally upper
separation.Ginseng berryoblate, mature fresh red, within the two semicircular
seed
形态特征人参是多年生宿根草本,人参主根高30-60厘米,肥厚,肉质,黄白色,圆柱形或纺锤形,下面稍有分枝;根状茎(芦头)短,直立。
人参茎直立,圆柱形,不分枝;一年生植株茎顶只有一叶,叶具三小叶,俗名“三花”;二年生茎仍只一叶,但具5小叶,叫“巴掌”;三年生者具有二个对生的5小叶的复叶,叫“二甲子”;四年生者增至3个轮生复叶,叫“灯台子”;五年生者增至4个轮生复叶,叫“四匹叶”;六年生者茎顶有5个轮生复叶,叫“五匹叶”。
人参复叶掌状,小叶3-5片,中间3片近等大,有小叶柄;小叶片椭圆形或微呈倒卵形,长4-15厘米,宽2-6.5厘米,先端渐尖,基部楔形,边缘有细锯齿,上面脉上散生少数刚毛,下面无毛,最下1对小叶甚小,无小叶柄。
人参夏季开花,伞形花序单一顶生叶丛中,总花梗长达30厘米,每花序有4-40余花,小花梗长约0.5厘米。
苞片小,条状披针形;萼钟形,与子房愈合,裂片5,绿色;花瓣5,卵形,全缘,淡黄绿色;雄蕊5,花丝短;雌蕊1,子房下位,2室,花柱2,上部分离,下部合生。
人参浆果扁圆形,成熟时鲜红色,内有两粒半圆形种子。
Growth Environment
Ginseng growth in January has an average temperature of -23-5℃ , the
average July temperature of 20-26 ℃ climate conditions, cold
resistant, resistant to -40 degrees Celsius temperature, suitable growth
temperature of 15-25 ℃ The general growth in the climate conditions for the
annual accumulated temperature of 2000-3000 ℃ frost free period is 125-
150days, snow 20-44 cm, 500-1000 mm annual precipitation place, ginseng likes
the cold humid climate.Like slanted and diffuse light, avoid strong light and
high temperature.Soil requirements for good drainage, loose, fertile
soil, humus layer deep brown forest soil and mountain podzolic brown forest
soil, the soil pH value should be 5.5-6.2.
Like the cold and humid climate, in the direct sunlight, strong cold
resistance.Seeds can be dried storage, embryo morphological and physiological
post ripening characteristics; the former requires 20-10 ℃ temperature, the
latter requires 2-4 ℃ temperature, the time required for each 3-4 months,
germination did not complete the seed not ripening.The strict soil
requirements, should be rich in organic matter, good permeability of the sandy
loam soil, humus loam cultivation, avoid continuous cropping.
生长环境人参多生长在具有1月平均温度-23-5℃,7月平均温度20-26℃的气候条件下,耐寒性强,可耐-40℃低温,生长适宜温度为15-25℃。
一般生长在气候条件为年积温2000-
3000℃,无霜期125-150天,积雪20-44厘米,年降水500-1000毫米的地方,人参喜冷凉湿润气候。
喜斜射及漫射光,忌强光和高温。
土壤要求为排水良好、疏松、肥沃、腐殖质层深厚的棕色森林土或山地灰化棕色森林土,土的pH值5.5-6.2为宜。
喜寒冷、湿润气候,遇强光直射,抗寒力强。
种子可阴干贮藏,种胚有形态后熟和生理后熟特性;前者要求20-10℃变温,后者需要2-4℃低温,需时各为3-4个月,没有完成后熟的种子不能发芽。
对土壤要求严格,宜在富含有机质,通透性良好的砂质壤土、腐殖质壤土栽培,忌连作。
Chemical composition
Root contains ginsenosides 0.4%, a small amount of volatile oil.The main
ingredients of ginseng oil ene (panacen, C15H24) 0.072%.It was reported that
isolated from the root of the saponins:
Ginseng saponins A, B, C, D, E and F
(panaxosideA, B, C, D, E, F) and the like.Ginsenosides A (C42H72O14) , as
ginsenosides Rg1 (ginsenosideRg1) .After ginsenosides produce B and C
hydrolysis Panaxatriol (panaxatriol) sapogenin, ginsenosides D, E and F after
hydrolysis 20- meter panaxadiol (20-epiprotopanaxo-diol) sapogenin.But also
from the low-boiling fraction of ether extract isolated β - -elemene (β -
elemene, C15H24) .Partial separation of high boiling panaxynol (panaxynol,
C17H26O) .Further still contains monosaccharides:
glucose, fructose, sucrose,
all three trisaccharide:
Glucose - Fructose - fructose, trimeric glucose, -
Glucose - Fructose, ginseng acid (palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic
acid the mixture) , more minutes vitamins (B1, B2, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide,
pantothenic acid) , amino acids, choline, enzymes (maltase, invertase,
esterase) , spermine (spermine) and cholestyramine (cholamine) .Aboveground
ginseng containing flavonoids, known as yellow ginseng saponins (panasenoside) ,
clover glycosides (trifolin) , kaempferol alcohol, ginsenosides, β - sitosterol
and sugars.
化学成分根中含人参皂甙0.4%,少量挥发油。
油中主要成份为人参烯(panacen,C15H24)
0.072%。
据报导从根中分离出皂甙类:
人参皂甙
A.
B.
C.
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