福建医大2005博士入学英语考试试卷Word格式.doc
- 文档编号:14560569
- 上传时间:2022-10-23
- 格式:DOC
- 页数:13
- 大小:99KB
福建医大2005博士入学英语考试试卷Word格式.doc
《福建医大2005博士入学英语考试试卷Word格式.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《福建医大2005博士入学英语考试试卷Word格式.doc(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
Directions:
Readthefollowingfivepassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET.
PassageOne
MostAmericanwomenknowregularPapsmearscuttheriskofcervicalcancer,butthatdoesn’tmeantheygointogetthetest.Halfthewomenwhodevelopthediseasehaven’thadaPaptestforthreeyears.Butanewtestmayonedayofferauser—friendlieralternative.Twostudiesinlastweek’sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationreportthataDNAtestdetectscervicalcancerjustaswellasPapsmearsdo.Betteryet,womencancollectsamplesforthetestthemselves.ThePapsmearhascausedafivefolddropincervicalcancersince1960s.Butsinceadoctormusttakethesmearduringapelvicexam,womenwhodon’thaveaccesstogynecologistsaren’tscreened.Soaself-collectedtestcouldbegoodnewsforpatients,likethe1,365SouthAfricansinoneoftheJAMAstudies.Theycollectedtheirownvaginalsamplesonswabs.SamplesweresenttotheUnitedStates,whereaDNAtestcaught66percentofthewomen’scervicalcancers;
68percentweredetectedbyPapsmears.Andwhendoctorscollectedthesamples,thatstudy,andasecondoneofCostaRicanwomen,foundthatDNAtestsactuallycaughtmorecancersthanPapsmears.
DoesthismeanwomencanbidfarewelltothePaptest?
Probablynot.Doctorsthinkcervicalcanceriscausedbythetransmittedhumanpapillomavirus.TheDNAtestdetectsgeneticmaterialfrom13formsofit,whicharefoundin96percentswhohavecervicalcancer.Butmostyoungwomenwhohavepapillomavirusdon’tactuallydevelopcancer.Sothetestcancausefalsealarms.DNAtestscouldproveusefulforolderwomen,though.Mostwomenfightoffthevirusbeforetheyturn40.Iftheydon’t,they’remorelikelytogetcervicalcancer.Butthey’realsolesslikelytogetPapsmearsbecausemanystopvisitinggynecologistsafterchildbearingage,andthetestgetsmoreuncomfortable.Soaquick,self-collectedtestcouldcutcervicalcancerrates:
“Ifwecouldmakescreeningaseasyasaurinetestatthedoctor’soffice,wewouldgetmorecoverage,”saysThomasWright,leadauthoroftheSouthAfricanstudyandassociateprofessorofPathologyatColumbia.ThoughtruehometestingawaitsFDAapprovalandcouldbeyearsaway,generalpractitionerscouldadministerthetest,too.
Detectionisonething;
treatingcervicalcancerisanother.Doctorsrecentlyannouncedthatacombinationofradiationandchemotherapycancuttheriskofdeath30to50percent.Andresearchershopetosomedaypreventpapillomainfections:
“Ultimately,vaccineswillbethebestwaywepreventcervicalcancerworldwide,”Wrightpredicts.Butfornow,theDNAtestcouldhelpmainlyincountriesthatcanaffordthe$6billiontheUnitedStatesspendsonPapscreeningeveryyear.Butthere’soneimportantcaveat:
anewtestwillbeusefulonlyifpatientscangetmedicaltreatmentafterward.
1.ThePapsmear__________________________.
A)hascausedafivefolddropincervicalcancersincethe1960s
B)caught66percentofthewomen’scervicalcancers
C)CaughtmorecancersthantheDNATest
D)Isveryconvenientforwomentodoself-examination
2.WhytheDNAtestcannotreplacePapsmear?
A)Doctorsthinkcervicalcanceriscausedbythesexuallytransmittedhumanpapillomavirus.
B)TheDNAtestdetectsgeneticmaterialfrom12formsofpapilloomavirus,whicharefoundin96percentofpatientswhohavecervicalcancer.
C)Mostyoungwomenwhohavepapillomavirusdon’tactuallydevelopcancer.
D)TheDNAtestcancausefalsealarms.
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementisnotcorrect?
A)HomeDNAtesthasnotyetbeenapprovedbyDNA.
B)DNAtestscouldproveusefulforolderwomen.Mostwomenfightoffthevirusbeforetheyturn40.
C)Doctorsrecentlyannouncedthatacombinationofradiationandchemotherapycancurecervicalcancer.
D)TheDNAtestcouldhelpmainlyincountriesthatcan’taffordthe$6billiontheUnitedStatesspendsonPapscreeningeveryyear.
PassageTwo
Althoughlanguageisusedtotransmitinformation,theinformativefunctionsoflanguagearefusedwitholderanddeeperfunctionssothatonlyasmallportionofoureverydayspeechcanbedescribedaspurelyinformative.Theabilitytouselanguageforstrictlyinformativepurposeswasprobablydevelopedrelativelylateinthecourseoflinguisticevolution.Longbeforethattime,ourancestralspeciesprobablymadethesortsofcriesanimalsdotoexpressfeelingsofhunger,fear,loneliness,andthelike.Graduallythesenoisesseemtohavebecomemoredifferentiated,transformingthecriesintolanguageasweknowittoday.
Althoughwehavedevelopedlanguageinwhichaccuratereportsmaybegiven,westilluselanguageasvocalequivalentsofgesturessuchascryinginp
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 福建 2005 博士 入学 英语考试 试卷