英语二语习得66题问答+答案Word文档格式.docx
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英语二语习得66题问答+答案Word文档格式.docx
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Howaretheydifferent?
Bothofsentencescontainthenecessarykeywords,especiallynouns,verbsandadjectives.But,telegraphicsentencesareshorter,andlackfunctionwords,inwhichgrammaticalelementsareoftenomittedorinsertedincorrectly,andsingle-clause.
2.Researchershaveusedbothlongitudinalandcross-sectionalapproachestoinvestigatetheorderofacquisitionofgrammaticalmorphemesinEnglishbyyoungchildren.Describetheseapproachesinyourownwords.Whatarethechallengesandthepotentialbenefitsofeach?
Cross-sectionalapproachstudiessubjectsatdifferentagesandstagesofdevelopment.Longitudinalapproachstudythesamelearner’soveraperiodoftime.
Longitudinalstudyapproachtakesalotoftimeandareveryexpensiveandinconvenient.Meanwhilelongitudinalstudiestrackthesamepeople,avoiddifferencesofculturaldifferencesacrossgenerations,andmakeobservingchangesmoreaccurate.
Whenitcomestocross-sectionalapproach,routinedatanotdesignedtoanswerthespecificquestion,andothervariableswillaffecttherelationshipbetweenthecauseandeffect.Theuseofroutinelycollecteddataallowslargecross-sectionalstudiesinlargescale,andcostlesstotheresearcher.
3.Whatisthe‘wugtest’?
WhatdothefindingsfromthewugtesttellusaboutChildren’sdevelopinglanguage?
Whatadvantagesdoesthewugtesthaveoverstudiesthatobservechildren’slanguageinnaturalsettings?
Canyouthinkofsomedisadvantages?
“Wugtest”isdesignedasshowingstudentsmake-upwords,andblankfillingexercise,toexplorechildren’sknowledgeoflanguage.
Byagefour,childrenhavemasteredthebasicstructureofthelanguage.
Itcanbedemonstratedthatchildrennotonlyknowalistofmemorizedwordpairs,butcanapplytheserulestowordswhichtheyhaveeverheardbefore.
Theacquisitionofthemorecomplexgrammaticalstructuresofthelanguagerequiresadifferentsortofexplanation.
4.Whatismetalinguisticawareness?
Whyisitaprerequisiteforbeingabletounderstandmostjokesandriddles?
Thinkofajokeorriddleyouknow.Howismetalinguisticawarenessrelatedtoyourunderstandingofwhatmakesthisjokefunny?
Theabilitytotreatlanguageasaobject,separatefromthemeaningitconveys.
Metalingusitcawarenessalsoincludesthediscoveryofsuchthingsasambiguity---wordsandsentencesthathavemultiplemeaning.
Ajokealwaysrelatestofunnypun,whichiscloselyrelatedtometalinguisticawareness.
5.Whathaveresearchersobservedaboutthefrequencywithwhichyoungchildrenengageinimitationandrepetitivepractice?
Inwhatwayareyoungchildren’slinguisticimitationandpracticepatternsdifferentfromthoseofsomeforeignlanguageclasses?
Fromlessthan10percentto40percent.
Youngchildrenchoosewhattheywillimitateandpractice,andthechoiceisbasedonsomethingtheyhavealreadybeguntounderstand,whichisdifferentfromforeignlanguageclasses.
6.Giveexamplesofbothgrammaticalandlexicalovergeneralizationerrorsfoundinearlychildlanguage.Whatisthegenerallearningprinciplethatunderliessucherrors?
Randall(2,9):
Aredogswiggletheirtails?
Randall(3,0)asks:
Why?
Sohecandocmylittlebump?
Childrenappeartopickoutpatternsandthengeneralizethemtonewcontexts.
7.HowdothestoriesofVictorandGenie(pages19–21)supportthecriticalperiodhypothesis?
Doyoufindthisevidenceconvincing?
WhydomostresearchersconsiderthattheevidencefromusersofAmericanSignLanguagethatwascollectedbyNewportandhercolleagues(page21)isstrongersupportfortheCPH?
VictorandGeniewhohavebeendeprivedofcontactwithlanguageintheirearlyyears,CANNOTlearnlanguagelikenormalpeople,reasonofwhichmaybethattheirlanguageacquisitiondevicewasstimulatedtoolate.
No,becausethesampleistoounusualandotherfactorsarenotexcluded.
Becausethechildrenareusuallearnersandthecircumstancesoftheirearlylivesareknowntotheresearchers.
8.HowarePiaget’sandVygotsky’sviewsoffirstlanguageacquisitionsimilar?
Howdotheydiffer?
Bothofthemstandintheinteractionistposition,believethatchildrenareactivelearnersanddevelopmentdeclineswithage.
Piagetbelievesthatchildren'
scognitivedevelopmentwouldpartlydeterminehowtheyuselanguage;
whileVygotskybelievesthatLanguagedevelopsentirelyfromsocialinteraction.
9.WhatwasunusualaboutJim’sexposuretolanguage?
Howdoesthiscasesupportaninteractionistperspectiveonlanguageacquisition?
Jimhadlittlecontractwit
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- 英语 习得 66 问答 答案