英国文学史名词解释2Word文档下载推荐.docx
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英国文学史名词解释2Word文档下载推荐.docx
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thelanguageofAngloandSaxonpeopleduring5and11thcentury
Epic:
Alongnarrativepoemcelebratingthegreatdeedsofoneormorelegendaryheroes.Inagrandceremoniousstyle.Thehero,usuallyprotectedbyorevendescendedfromgods,performssuperhumanexploitsinbattleorinmarvelousvoyages,oftensavingorfoundinganation.
Romance:
themostpopularliteraryformintheMiddleAgesinEurope;
Atale(inverseorprose)thatdealswithknightlyadventuresorotherheroicdeedsorsupernaturaloramoroussubjects,andusuallyemphasizesthechivalriclove.Ballad:
Afolksongororallytransmittedpoemtellinginadirectanddramaticmannersomepopularstoryusuallyderivedformatragicincidentinlocalhistoryorlegend.Balladarenormallycomposedinquatrainswithalternatingfour-stressandthree-stresslines,thesecondandfourthlinesrhyming.
Couplet(双行体)apairofrhymingverselinesofthesamelength.ChauserestablishedtheuseofcoupletinhisCanterburyTales,usingrhymediambicpentameterslaterknownasheroiccouplet
TheRenaissancereferstotheperiodbetweenthe14thand
17thcenturies.Therebirthofliterature,art,andlearningthatprogressivelytransformedEuropeanculturefromthemid-14centuryinItalytothemid-17thcenturyinEngland,stronglyinflueneedbytherediscoveryofclassicalGreekandLatinliterature.TheRenaissaneeiscommonlyheldtomarkthecloseofthemiddleAges,andthebeginningofthemodernwesternworld.Thetermnormallyrefertothecombinedintellectualandartistictransformationofthe15th16thcenturies,includingtheemergencyofhumanism,protestantindividualism,Copernicanastronomy,andthediscoveryofAmericaHumanism:
itstandsfordevotiontohumanvaluesrepresentinclassicalliterature.itisthekeynoteorthedominateideologyduringtheRenaissanee
Sonnet:
Alyricoffourteenlinesusuallyiniambicpentameter.1.ShakespeareansonnetAlsocalledEnglishsonnetorElizabethanSonnet.Itisstructuredof3quatrainsandafinalcoupletwiththerhymescheme:
ababcdcdefefgg2.PetrarchanSonnet:
AlsocalledItaliansonnet.ItcontainsanoctavewiththerhymepatternabbaabbaandasestetofvariousrhymePatternssuchascdecdeorcdcdcd.
3.Spenseriansonnetcomprising3quatrainsandacoupletiniambicpentameterwiththerhymeschemeababbcbccdcdeeOdeisadignifiedandelaboratelystructuredlyricpoemofsomelength,praisingandglorifyinganindividual,commemoratinganeventordescribingnatureintellectuallyratherthanemotionally.
ElegyFormallyricpoemlamentingthedeathofafriendorapublicfigure,orreflectingseriouslyonasolemnsubject.
Pastoral:
ahighlyconventionalmodeofwritingthatcelebratestheinnocentlifeofshepherdsorshepherdessesinpoems,plays,andproseromance.
Tragedieswereconcernedwiththeharshnessandapparentinjusticeoflife.Theyinvolvedthetrialsandeventfuldeathofaherowhowasanimportantpersonandwhosedeathledtothedownfallofothers.a.thecentralcharactersarealwayspeopleofimportance,likekings,queens,prince,general,nobles.b.atragicherooftenaflawedgoodman;
oftentheherohappinesswasduetoaweaknessinhischaracter,bysomegreaterrorinhispart.c.supernaturalbeingsareofteninvolvedintheconflictofhumanbeings,likegods,spirits,witches,ghosts.d.sadnessismixedwithhorror,murder,treachery,andblood-shedding.
CatharsisorCatharticeffectoftragedies:
Tragediesgiveanoutletforsuchemotionsasgreed,hatred,lust,fearandpity.Theaudiencefeelrelievedorpurgedwhentheyleavethetheatre.
Comedydealswithordinarypeopleineverydaysituations,itdealswithordinarypeopleinahumblestyle,usuallybeginningwithmisfortuneandendingwithjoy.Thepurposeofcomedyischieflytoentertainpeople,butsomehavemoralandcorrectivepurposes,toridiculeandsatirizehumanweaknesses.
Comedyofhumoraccordingtothecomedyofhumor,eachofcharactersintheplayhassomedominatingpassionorpeculiarqualitysuchasjealousy,greedyandcomedyofhumormainlysatiresthesehumorsdemonstratedthecharactersintheplay.BenJonsonhasbeenchieflyknownforhiscomedyofhumorsSoliloquyistheactoftalkingtooneself,whethersilentlyoraloud.Indramaitdenotestheconventionbywhichacharacter,aloneonthestage,uttershisorherthoughtsaloud.Playwrightshaveusedthisdeviceasaconvenientwaytoconveyinformationaboutacharacter'
smotivesandstateofmind,orforpurposeofexposition,andsometimesinordertoguidethejudgmentsandresponsesoftheaudience.
Allegory:
isafictionalnarrativeorartisticexpressionthatconveysasymbolicmeaningparalleltobutdistinctfromandmoreimportantthantheliterarymeaning.
Dramaticironyinvolvesthereader
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