Oracle Database 11g Release 2 RAC On Linux Using VirtualBox.docx
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Oracle Database 11g Release 2 RAC On Linux Using VirtualBox.docx
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OracleDatabase11gRelease2RACOnLinuxUsingVirtualBox
OracleDatabase11gRelease2RACOnLinuxUsingVirtualBox
ThisarticledescribestheinstallationofOracleDatabase11grelease2(11.264-bit)RAConLinux(OracleLinux5.564-bit)usingVirtualBox(3.2.8)withnoadditionalshareddiskdevices.
∙Introduction
∙DownloadSoftware
∙VirtualBoxInstallation
∙VirtualMachineSetup
∙GuestOperatingSystemInstallation
∙OracleInstallationPrerequisites
∙InstallGuestAdditions
∙CreateSharedDisks
∙ClonetheVirtualMachine
∙InstalltheGridInfrastructure
∙InstalltheDatabase
∙ChecktheStatusoftheRAC
Introduction
OneofthebiggestobstaclespreventingpeoplefromsettinguptestRACenvironmentsistherequirementforsharedstorage.Inaproductionenvironment,sharedstorageisoftenprovidedbyaSANorhigh-endNASdevice,butbothoftheseoptionsareveryexpensivewhenallyouwanttodoisgetsomeexperienceinstallingandusingRAC.AcheaperalternativeistouseaFireWirediskenclosuretoallowtwomachinestoaccessthesamedisk(s),butthatstillcostsmoneyandrequirestwoservers.Athirdoptionistousevirtualizationtofakethesharedstorage.
UsingVirtualBoxyoucanrunmultipleVirtualMachines(VMs)onasingleserver,allowingyoutorunbothRACnodesonasinglemachine.Inadditon,itallowsyoutosetupsharedvirtualdisks,overcomingtheobstacleofexpensivesharedstorage.
Beforeyoulaunchintothisinstallation,hereareafewthingstoconsider.
∙Thefinishedsystemincludesthehostoperatingsystem,twoguestoperatingsystems,twosetsofOracleGridInfrastructure(Clusterware+ASM)andtwoDatabaseinstancesallonasingleserver.Asyoucanimagine,thisrequiresasignificantamountofdiskspace,CPUandmemory.IcompletedthisinstallationonaQuad-Coreprocessorwith8Gofmemory,sodon'texpecttoworkonalowspecmachine.
∙Followingonfromthelastpoint,theVMswilleachneedatleast2GofRAM(3Gfor11.2.0.2),preferably3-4Gifyoudon'twanttheVMstoswaplikecrazy.Asyoucansee,11gR2RACrequiresmuchmorememorythan11gR1RAC.Don'tassumeyouwillbeabletorunthisonasmallPCorlaptop.Youwon't.
∙ThisprocedureprovidesabarebonesinstallationtogettheRACworking.ThereisnoredundancyintheGridInfrastructureinstallationortheASMinstallation.Toaddthis,simplycreatedoubletheamountofshareddisksandselectthe"Normal"redundancyoptionwhenitisoffered.Ofcourse,thiswilltakemorediskspace.
∙Duringthevirtualdiskcreation,Ialwayschoosenottopreallocatethediskspace.Thismakesvirtualdiskaccessslowerduringtheinstallation,butsavesonwasteddiskspace.Theshareddisksmusthavetheirspacepreallocated.
∙Thisisnot,andshouldnotbeconsidered,aproduction-readysystem.It'ssimplytoallowyoutogetusedtoinstallingandusingRAC.
∙TheSingleClientAccessName(SCAN)shouldreallybedefinedintheDNSorGNSandround-robinbetweenoneof3addresses,whichareonthesamesubnetasthepublicandvirtualIPs.InthisarticleI'vedefineditasasingleIPaddressinthe"/etc/hosts"file,whichiswrongandwillcausetheclusterverificationtofail,butitallowsmetocompletetheinstallwithoutthepresenceofaDNS.
∙Thevirtualmachinescanbelimitedto2Gigofswap,whichcausesaprerequisitecheckfailure,butdoesn'tpreventtheinstallationworking.Ifyouwanttoavoidthis,define3+Gigofswap.
∙Thisarticleusesthe64-bitversionsofOracleLinuxandOracle11gRelease2.
DownloadSoftware
Downloadthefollowingsoftware.
∙OracleLinux5.5
∙VirtualBox(Mustbeversion3.2.8orlater)
∙Oracle11gRelease2(11.2)Software(64bit)
VirtualBoxInstallation
First,installtheVirtualBoxsoftware.OnRHELanditsclonesyoudothiswiththefollowingcommandastherootuser.
#rpm-UvhVirtualBox-3.2-3.2.8_64453_rhel5-1.x86_64.rpm
Oncecomplete,VirtualBoxisstartedfromthe"Applications>SystemTools>OracleVMVirtualBox"menuoption.
VirtualMachineSetup
NowwemustdefinethetwovirtualRACnodes.WecansavetimebydefiningoneVM,thencloningitwhenitisinstalled.
StartVirtualBoxandclickthe"New"buttononthetoolbar.Clickthe"Next"buttononthefirstpageoftheVirtualMachineWizard.
Enterthename"rac1",OS"Linux"andVersion"Oracle(64bit)",thenclickthe"Next"button.
Enter"2048"asthebasememorysize,thenclickthe"Next"button.
Acceptthedefaultoptiontocreateanewvirtualharddiskbyclickingthe"Next"button.
Clickthe"Next"buttonontheCreateVirtualDiskWizardwelcomescreen.
Accceptthedefaultoptionbyclickingthe"Next"button.
Acceptthedefaultlocationandsetthesizeto"20G"andclickthe"Next"button.
Clickthe"Finish"buttonontheVirtualDiskWizardSummaryscreen.
Clickthe"Finish"buttonontheVirtualMachineWizardSummaryscreen.
The"rac1"VMwillappearonthelefthandpane.Scrolldownthe"Details"tabontherightandclickonthe"Network"link.
Makesure"Adapter1"isenabled,setto"BridgedAdapter"and"eth0",thenclickonthe"Adapter2"tab.
Makesure"Adapter2"isenabled,setto"BridgedAdapter"and"eth0",thenclickonthe"OK"button.
Thevirtualmachineisnowconfiguredsowecanstarttheguestoperatingsysteminstallation.
GuestOperatingSystemInstallation
PlacetheOracleLinux5DVDintheDVDdriveandstartthevirtualmachinebyclickingthe"Start"buttononthetoolbar.TheresultingconsolewindowwillcontaintheOracleLinuxbootscreen.
ContinuethroughtheOracleLinux5installationasyouwouldforanormalserver.Ageneralpictorialguidetotheinstallationcanbefoundhere.Morespecifically,itshouldbeaserverinstallationwithaminimumof2Gswap(3-4Gifyouwanttoavoidwarnings),firewallandSELinuxdisabledandthefollowingpackagegroupsinstalled:
∙GNOMEDesktopEnvironment
∙Editors
∙GraphicalInternet
∙Text-basedInternet
∙DevelopmentLibraries
∙DevelopmentTools
∙ServerConfigurationTools
∙AdministrationTools
∙Base
∙SystemTools
∙XWindowSystem
Tobeconsistentwiththerestofthearticle,thefollowinginformationshouldbesetduringtheinstallation:
∙hostname:
rac1.localdomain
∙IPAddresseth0:
192.168.2.101(publicaddress)
∙DefaultGatewayeth0:
192.168.2.1(publicaddress)
∙IPAddresseth1:
192.168.0.101(privateaddress)
∙DefaultGatewayeth1:
none
YouarefreetochangetheIPaddressestosuityournetwork,butremembertostayconsistentwiththoseadjustmentsthroughouttherestofthearticle.
Oncethebasicinstallationiscomplete,installthefollowingpackageswhilstloggedinastherootuser.Thisincludesthe64-bitand32-bitversionsofsomepackages.
#FromOracleLinux5DVD
cd/media/cdrom/Server
rpm-Uvhbinutils-2.*
rpm-Uvhcompat-libstdc++-33*
rpm-Uvhelfutils-libelf-0.*
rpm-Uvhelfutils-libelf-devel-*
rpm-Uvhgcc-4.*
rpm-Uvhgcc-c++-4.*
rpm-Uvhglibc-2.*
rpm-Uvhglibc-common-2.*
rpm-Uvhglibc-devel-2.*
rpm-Uvhglibc-headers-2.*
rpm-Uvhksh-2*
rpm-Uvhlibaio-0.*
rpm-Uvhlibaio-devel-0.*
rpm-Uvhlibgcc-4.*
rpm-Uvhlibstdc++-4.*
rpm-Uvhlibstdc++-devel-4.*
rpm-Uvhmake-3.*
rpm-Uvhsysstat-7.*
rpm-UvhunixODBC-2.*
rpm-UvhunixODBC-devel-2.*
#ForOracleLinux,userelevantversionsofthefollowingpackagesfromyourmedia.
rpm-Uvhoracleasm-2.6.18-194.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.x86_64.rpm\
oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5.x86_64.rpm
cd/
eject
#InstallthefollowingpackagefromtheOraclegridmedia.
cd/your/path/to/grid/rpm
rpm-Uvhcvuqdisk*
OracleInstallationPrerequisites
Performthefollowingstepswhilstloggedintothe"rac1"virtualmachineastherootuser.
MakesurethesharedmemoryfilesystemisbigenoughforAutomaticMemoryManagertowork.
#umounttmpfs
#mount-ttmpfsshmfs-osize=1500m/dev/shm
Makethesettingpermanentbyamendingthe"tmpfs"settingofthe"/etc/fstab"filetolooklikethis.
tmpfs/dev/shmtmpfssize=1500m00
IfyouarenotusingDNS,the"/etc/hosts"filemustcontainthefollowinginformation.
127.0.0.1localhost.localdomainlocalhost
#Public
192.168.2.101rac1.localdomainrac1
192.168.2.102rac2.localdomainrac2
#Private
192.168.0.101rac1-priv.localdomainrac1-priv
192.168.0.102rac2-priv.localdomainrac2-priv
#Virtual
192.168.2.111rac1-vip.localdomainrac1-vip
192.168.2.112rac2-vip.localdomainrac2-vip
#SCAN
192.168.2.201rac-scan.localdomainrac-scan
Note.TheSCANaddressshouldnotreallybedefinedinthehostsfile.InsteadisshouldbedefinedontheDNStoround-robinbetween3addressesonthesamesubnetasthepublicIPs.Forthisinstallation,wewillcompromiseandusethehostsfile.
IfyouareusingDNS,thenonlythefirstlineshouldbepresentinthe"/etc/hosts"file.TheotherentriesaredefinedintheDNS,asdescribedhere.
Addoramendthefollowinglinestothe"/etc/sysctl.conf"file.
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6815744
kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmax=1054504960
kernel.shmmni=4096
#semaphores:
semmsl,semmns,semopm,semmni
kernel.sem=25032000100128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=900065500
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048586
Runthefollowingcommandtochangethecurrentkernelparameters.
/sbin/sysctl-p
Addthefollowinglinestothe"/etc/security/limits.conf"file.
oraclesoftnproc2047
oraclehardnproc16384
oraclesoftnofile1024
oraclehardnofile65536
Addthefollowinglinestothe"/etc/pam.d/login"file,ifitdoesnotalreadyexist.
sessionrequiredpam_limits.so
Disablesecurelinuxbyeditingthe"/etc/selinux/config"file,makingsuretheSELINUXflagisse
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