初中英语定语从句Word下载.doc
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初中英语定语从句Word下载.doc
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它们的用法如下:
1.who,whom的用法
who和whom指人,在从句中分别作主语、宾语。
作动词宾语时常被省掉。
在口语中可用who代替whom。
Theyoungworkerwhoinventedthistoolisherbrother.
Thisistheboy(whom)Ihelped.
2.which的用法
which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语是在非正式语体中可以省略。
Thefactorywhichproducesthesecarsisverylarge.
Thisisthebook(which)youwant.
3.whose的用法
whose指人或物,在从句中作定语,不可省略。
Whose有时可用ofwhich替换。
Doyouliveintheroomwhosewindowopenstothewest?
Thisisthestudentwhosepronunciationisthebestinourclass.
4.that的用法
that既可指人,也可指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。
作宾语时,在非正式语体中常省略。
Therewereoncesixblindmenthat/wholivedinavillageinIndia.
Wheatisaplantthat/whichisgrowninthenorthofChina.
Theletter(that)Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.
[注意]只能用关系代词that的场合
that既可以指人也可以指物,但在下列场合,要用that,而不用which或who。
1.先行词是不定代词all,anything,everything,nothing,much,little,few,any等时,只能用that。
That’sallthatIwanttosay.
Everythingthattheparentsdoisforthegoodoftheirchildren.
2.先行词被all,any,no,theonly,thevery(恰好),little,few等词修饰时。
ThankyouforgivingmetheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.
Heistheonlypersonthatwaspresentatthemeeting.
Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.
3.指物的先行词被形容词的最高级或被序数词修饰时。
Thisisthebestfilmthathasbeenshownthisyear.
Ilikethesecondfootballmatchthatwasheldlastweek.
4.先行词中既有人又有物时。
Theherohassavedthehorseanditsriderthatfellintotheriver.
Hetalkedabouttheschoolandtheteachersthathehadvisited.
5.当先行词为theway,thetime,theperiod等时,但that通常被省略。
Idon’tliketheway(that)youspeaktoher.
Thisisthelasttime(that)Ishallhelpyou.
6.在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中,为避免重复用that引导取代which或who。
用which不用that的情况
1.在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
2.先行词指物,且介词后
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
3.先行词本身是that时
Idon’tthatwhichhedid.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
英语中的关系副词有when,where,why等。
在定语从句中充当状语,一般不可省略。
1.when的用法
when指时间、修饰表示时间的先行词,在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于at/in/onwhich。
HowcanIforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)IjoinedtheYouthLeague?
Ithoughtofthedayswhen(=inwhich)westudiedtogether.
Hecameatatimewhenthestudentsneededhim.
2.where的用法
where指地点,修饰表示地点的先行词,在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于in/on/atwhich。
Thisisthefarmwhere(=onwhich)mygrandfatheronceworked.
Thatistheplacewhere(=inwhich)welivedtwoyearsago.
3.why的用法
why指原因,修饰名词reason,在定语从句中作原因状语,相当于forwhich。
Idon’tknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)yougetsoangrywithme.
Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?
[注意]表示时间、地点的名词后关系词的选用
当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时,有时用when/where,有时用that/which引导定语从句。
这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的而定。
如果是及物动词就用that/which(作从句的主语或宾语);
如果是不及物动词,就用when/where(作从句的状语。
)试比较:
Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.
Thisisthehousethat/whichhevisitedlastyear.
IthoughtofthehappydayswhenIstayedinBeijing.
Ihaveneverforgottenthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.
三、练习
练习一
(一)用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。
1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.(who)
2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Heteacheschemistryinacollege.(who)
3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.(where)
4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.(who)
5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.(where)
6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.(which)
7.Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.(who)
8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemeabooklastweek.(which)
9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.(which)
10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.(who)
(二)用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.
2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.
3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.
4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.
5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.
6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.
7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.
8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.
9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?
10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.
练习二
一、单项填空
1.---Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?
---Oh!
It’sMrBaker,ourmathsteacher.
A.he B.that C.whom D.which
2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.
A.who B.which C.they D
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