铁路信号联锁系统中英文对照外文翻译文献Word格式文档下载.docx
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铁路信号联锁系统中英文对照外文翻译文献Word格式文档下载.docx
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Component-basedSafetyComputerofRailwaySignalInterlockingSystem
1Introduction
SignalInterlockingSystemisthecriticalequipmentwhichcanguaranteetrafficsafetyandenhanceoperationalefficiencyinrailwaytransportation.Foralongtime,thecorecontrolcomputeradoptsininterlockingsystemisthespecialcustomizedhigh-gradesafetycomputer,forexample,theSIMISofSiemens,theEI32ofNipponSignal,andsoon.Alongwiththerapiddevelopmentofelectronictechnology,thecustomizedsafetycomputerisfacingseverechallenges,forinstance,thehighdevelopmentcosts,poorusability,weakexpansibilityandslowtechnologyupdate.Toovercometheflawsofthehigh-gradespecialcustomizedcomputer,theU.S.DepartmentofDefensehasputforwardtheconcept:
weshouldadoptcommercialstandardstoreplacemilitarynormsandstandardsformeetingconsumers’demand[1].Inthemeantime,thereareseveralexplorationsandpracticesaboutadoptingopensystemarchitectureinavionics.TheUnitedStatedandEuropehavedomuchresearchaboututilizingcost-effectivefault-tolerantcomputertoreplacethededicatedcomputerinaerospaceandothersafety-criticalfields.Inrecentyears,itisgraduallybecominganewtrendthattheutilizationofstandardizedcomponentsinaerospace,industry,transportationandothersafety-criticalfields.
2Railwayssignalinterlockingsystem
2.1Functionsofsignalinterlockingsystem
Thebasicfunctionofsignalinterlockingsystemistoprotecttrainsafetybycontrollingsignalequipments,suchasswitchpoints,signalsandtrackunitsinastation,andithandlesroutesviaacertaininterlockingregulation.
Sincethebirthoftherailwaytransportation,signalinterlockingsystemhasgonethroughmanualsignal,mechanicalsignal,relay-basedinterlocking,andthemoderncomputer-basedInterlockingSystem.
2.2Architectureofsignalinterlockingsystem
Generally,theInterlockingSystemhasahierarchicalstructure.Accordingtothefunctionofequipments,thesystemcanbedividedtothefunctionofequipments;
thesystemcanbedividedintothreelayersasshowninfigure1.
Figure1ArchitectureofSignalInterlockingSystem
3Component-basedsafetycomputerdesign
3.1Designstrategy
Thedesignconceptofcomponent-basedsafetycriticalcomputerisdifferentfromthatofspecialcustomizedcomputer.OurdesignstrategyofSICisonabaseoffault-toleranceandsystemintegration.WeseparatetheSICintothreelayers,thestandardizedcomponentunitlayer,safetysoftwarelayerandthesystemlayer.Differentsafetyfunctionsareallocatedforeachlayer,andthefinalintegrationofthethreelayersensuresthepredefinedsafetyintegritylevelofthewholeSIC.Thethreelayerscanbedescribedasfollows:
(1)ComponentunitlayerincludesfourindependentstandardizedCPUmodules.Ahardware“SAFETYAND”logicisimplementedinthisyear.
(2)Safetysoftwarelayermainlyutilizesfail-safestrategyandfault-tolerantmanagement.TheinterlockingsafetycomputingofthewholesystemadoptstwooutputsfromdifferentCPU,itcanmostlyensurethediversityofsoftwaretoholdwithdesignerrorsofsignalversionandremovehiddenrisks.
(3)Systemlayeraimstoimprovereliability,availabilityandmaintainabilitybymeansofredundancy.
3.2Designofhardwarefault-tolerantstructure
Asshowninfigure2,theSICoffourindependentcomponentunits(C11,C12,C21,C22).Thefault-tolerantarchitectureadoptsdual2vote2(2v2×
2)structure,andakindofhigh-performancestandardizedmodulehasbeenselectedascomputingunitwhichadoptsIntelXScalekernel,533MHZ.
TheoperationofSICisbasedonadualtwo-layerdatabuses.ThehighbusadoptsthestandardEthernetandTCP/IPcommunicationprotocol,andthelowbusisControllerAreaNetwork(CAN).C11、C12andC21、C22respectivelymakeupoftwosafetycomputingcomponentsIC1andIC2,whichareof2v2structure.Andeachcomponenthasanexternaldynamiccircuitwatchdogthatissetforcomputingsupervisionandswitching.
Figure2HardwarestructureofSIC
3.3Standardizedcomponentunit
Aftercomponentmoduleismadecertain,accordingtothesafety-criticalrequirementsofrailwaysignalinterlockingsystem,wehavetodoasecondarydevelopmentonthemodule.Thedesignincludespowersupply,interfacesandotherembeddedcircuits.
Thefault-tolerantprocessing,synchronizedcomputing,andfaultdiagnosisofSICmostlydependonthesafetysoftware.Herethesafetysoftwaredesignmethodisdifferingfromthatofthespecialcomputertoo.Fordedicatedcomputer,thesoftwareisoftenspeciallydesignedbasedonthebarehardware.Asrestrictedbycomputingabilityandapplicationobject,aspecialschedulingprogramiscommonlydesignedassafetysoftwareforthecomputer,andnotauniversaloperatingsystem.Thefault-toleran
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