量子物理学幻想还是真实QuantumphysicsfantasyorrealityWord文件下载.docx
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量子物理学幻想还是真实QuantumphysicsfantasyorrealityWord文件下载.docx
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I.developmentprocessofmodernphysics
18andnineteenthCentury:
Newton'
slawsofmotion,Maxwell,
electromagnetics
In//.
1\/:
(fusion)
(thespeedoflightwavetheory,conflict)-:
-particletheory
Down,down
EarlytwentiethCentury:
classicalmechanicsofspecialrelativity:
(lowspeed)(highspeed)twoparticleimages
Here,/
(gravitationalconflict)(energydilemma)
Downhere
MidtwentiethCentury:
quantummechanicsofgeneralrelativity
(macrocosm)(microcosm)
1(incompatible).
:
------"
Here
1980s:
superstringtheory
(Evolution)
Latetwenty-firstCenturyandearlytwentiethCentury:
Mtheory
Thefuture:
?
Two.Introductiontomodernphysics
1.speedoflightconflictandspecialrelativity
AccordingtoNewton'
slawsofmotion,anobjectmovingatthespeedoflightwillfindthatlightisstill;
andMaxwell'
selectromagneticsholdsthatnoobjectcanmoveatorabovethespeedoflight.SoittriggeredEinstein'
sspecialtheoryofrelativity,completelychangedpeople'
sunderstandingoftimeandspace.
Somecoreideasofspecialrelativity:
First,spaceandtimearerelative-relativityprinciple;
Second,thespeedoflightisalways300thousandkilometerspersecond-theprincipleofconstancyofspeedoflight;
Third,themassandenergycanbetransformed-massenergyequation.
Asforthefirstpoint,spaceandtimeareawhole.Spacecaninfluencetimeandtimecanalsoinfluencespace.Forexample,thelengthofamovingobjectwillbeshortenedandtimewillbesloweddown.Inaddition,anyobjectcanthinktheyarestationary,andotherreferencein--thatistosay,themovementoftheobserverandthestationaryobservercanbeconsideredtheothertimeisslow,thereisno"
absolute"
and"
relativeonly"
.
Onthesecondpoint,thetraditionallawofmotionthatifyoufollowthedirectionoflightmovinglightandyourrelativespeedwillbereduced,andifyoumovetowardthelightlightandyourrelativespeedwillincreaseandexceedthespeedof
light.Thetheoryofrelativityholdsthatnomatterwhichdirectionyoumove,thespeedbetweenlightandyouis300thousandkilometerspersecond,andneverchanges.
Withregardtothethirdpoint,EinsteinthoughtthatthequalityandenergycanbetransformedintoeachothertomeettheE=mc^2relationship.Thefasteranobjectmoves,thegreaterthemass,andwhenitapproachesthespeedoflight,themasswillapproachinfinityandrequireaninfiniteamountofenergytopropelit,sothatnoobjectcanmovefasterthanlight.
2.gravitationalconflictandgeneralrelativity
Newton'
slawofgravityholdsthattheattractionbetweenanobjectandanotherobjectdependsonlyonthemassanddistance,andhasnothingtodowithtime-thatis,gravitationalphenomenaoccurinstantaneously.Thetheoryofspecialrelativityholdsthatnospeedcanexceedthespeedoflight,whichleadstothetheoryofgeneralrelativity.
Thegravityideaofgeneralrelativity:
First,gravityisequivalenttoacceleration;
Second,thereasonforgravityisspatialdistortion.
Einsteinholdsthatgravityisnotmysterious,andthataccelerationcreatesgravity,andintheoppositedirectionaccelerationcanbalancegravity.Thefundamentalreasonliesintheformationofgravityspacewarp:
anyobjectqualitywill
makethesurroundingspacewarps,moremassivedistortionsarelarger,andtheobjectisalwaysalongthedirectionofleastresistancemovement,itwillformacceleration.Imagineasmoothfilm,themiddleofaball,theballinthemiddleofthefilmmadeadepression;
andthenputsomeballaround,theballwillrollalongthedepressiontotheball--thisisthenatureofgravity.Likewise,acceleratedmotioncanleadtospatialandtemporalbending.
Whenthereisnosubstance,thespaceissmooth,
Butaslongasthereismatter,therewillbeallkindsofdistortionsandgravitationalforces,andEinsteinprovesthatthespatialdistortionsaretransmittedatacertainspeed,whichisthespeedoflight.
3.blackholesandbigbang
Einstein'
stheoryofgeneralrelativitypublishedshortly,ascientistprovedmathematically,aslongasthemassofstarsisconcentratedinasufficientlysmallarea,dividedbythemassradiusexceedsacertaincriticalvalue,timeandspacewilloccurstronglydistortedandtheformationofblackhole.Otherscientistshaveinferredfromgeneralrelativitythattheuniverseisexpandingandthattheuniverseoriginatedinabigbang.Thisisthetwomaincontributionofgeneralrelativity.
From4.totwoasthewaveparticledualityofquantummechanics
Withth
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