全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题与参考答案Word文档格式.doc
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全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二试题与参考答案Word文档格式.doc
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4
tomaketheWebasaferplace-a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech
5
ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled
6
one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential
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toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.
Theideaisto
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afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould
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whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver’slicense
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bythegovernment.
GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto
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justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.
12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyberspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa
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community.
Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith
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trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure
15
whichthetransactionruns”.
Still,theadministration’splanhas
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privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;
othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould
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beacompulsoryInternet“drive’slicense”mentality.
Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith
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bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryecosystem”envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet
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.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe
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toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.
1.
A.swept
B.skipped
C.walked
D.ridden
2.
A.for
B.within
C.while
D.though
3.
A.careless
B.lawless
C.pointless
D.helpless
4.
A.reason
B.reminder
C.compromise
D.proposal
5.
A.information
B.interference
C.entertainment
D.equivalent
6.
A.by
B.into
C.from
D.over
7.
A.linked
B.directed
C.chained
D.compared
8.
A.dismiss
B.discover
C.create
D.improve
9.
A.recall
B.suggest
C.select
D.realize
10.
A.relcased
B.issued
C.distributed
D.delivered
11.
A.carryon
B.lingeron
C.setin
D.login
12.
A.Invain
B.Ineffect
C.Inreturn
D.Incontrast
13.
A.trusted
B.modernized
c.thriving
D.competing
14.
A.caution
B.delight
C.confidence
D.patience
15.
A.on
B.after
C.beyond
D.across
16.
A.divided
B.disappointed
C.protected
D.united
17.
A.frequestly
B.incidentally
C.occasionally
D.eventually
18.
A.skepticism
B.relerance
C.indifference
D.enthusiasm
19.
A.manageable
B.defendable
C.vulnerable
D.invisible
20.
A.invited
B.appointed
C.allowed
D.forced
SectionII
ReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text
1
RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’sboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000:
ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;
howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?
ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.
Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirm’sboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutive’sproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.
TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theproba
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