机械毕业设计英文外文翻译在高速潮湿机械加工条件下后刀面表层磨损机理Word下载.docx
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机械毕业设计英文外文翻译在高速潮湿机械加工条件下后刀面表层磨损机理Word下载.docx
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5.1Introduction
Almosteverytypeofmachiningsuchasturning,milling,drilling,grinding...,usesacuttingfluidtoassistinthecosteffectiveproductionofpartsassetupstandardrequiredbytheproducer[1].Usingcoolantwithsomecuttingtoolsmaterialcausesseverefailureduetothelackoftheirresistancetothermalshock(likeAL2O3ceramics),usedtoturnsteel.Othercuttingtoolsmaterialslikecubicboronnitride(CBN)canbeusedwithoutcoolant,duetothetypeoftheirfunction.TheaimofusingCBNistoraisethetemperatureoftheworkpicetohighsoitlocallysoftensandcanbeeasilymachined.Thereasonsbehindusingcuttingfluidscanbesummarizedasfollows.
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Extendingthecuttingtoollifeachievedbyreducingheatgeneratedandasaresultlesswearrateisachieved.Itwillalsoeliminatetheheatfromtheshearzoneandtheformedchips.
Coolingtheworkpieceofhighqualitymaterialunderoperationplaysanimportantrolesincethermaldistortionofthesurfaceandsubsurfacedamageisaresultofexcessiveheatthatmustbeeliminatedorlargelyreducedtoproduceahighqualityproduct.
Reducingcuttingforcesbyitslubricatingeffectatthecontactinterfaceregionandwashingandcleaningthecuttingregionduringmachiningfromsmallchips.Thetwomainreasonsforusingcuttingfluidsarecoolingandlubrication.
CuttingFluidasaCoolant:
Thefluidcharacteristicsandconditionofusedeterminethecoolantactionofthecuttingfluid,whichimprovestheheattransferattheshearzonebetweenthecuttingedge,workpiece,andcuttingfluid.Thepropertiesofthecoolantinthiscasemustincludeahighheatcapacitytocarryawayheatandgoodthermalconductivitytoabsorbtheheatfromthecuttingregion.Thewater-basedcoolantemulsionwithitsexcellenthighheatcapacityisabletoreducetoolwear[44].
CuttingFluidasaLubricant:
Thepurposeistoreducefrictionbetweenthecuttingedge,rakefaceandtheworkpiecematerialorreducingthecuttingforces(tangentialcomponent).Asthefrictiondropstheheatgeneratedis
dropped.Asaresult,thecuttingtoolwearrateisreducedandthesurfacefinishisimproved.
CuttingFluidProperties
Freeofperceivableodor
Preserveclaritythroughoutlife
Kindandunirritatedtoskinandeyes.
Corrosionprotectiontothemachinepartsandworkpiece.
Costeffectiveintermsofftoollife,safety,dilutionratio,andfluidlife.[1]
5.1.1CuttingFluidTypes
Therearetwomajorcategoriesofcuttingfluids
NeatCuttingOils
Neatcuttingoilsarepoorintheircoolantcharacteristicsbuthaveanexcellentlubricity.Theyareappliedbyfloodingtheworkareabyapumpandre-circulatedthroughafilter,tankandnozzles.Thistypeisnotdilutedbywater,andmaycontainlubricityandextreme-pressureadditivestoenhancetheircuttingperformanceproperties.Theusageofthistypehasbeendecliningfortheirpoorcoolingability,causingfirerisk,proventocausehealthandsafetyrisktotheoperator[1].
WaterBasedorWaterSolubleCuttingFluids
Thisgroupissubdividedintothreecategories:
1.Emulsion`mineralsoluble'
white-milkycolorasaresultofemulsionofoilinwater.Containfrom40%-80%mineraloilandanemulsifyingagentbesidecorrosioninhibitors,besidebiocidetoinhibitthebacteriagrowth.
2.Microemulsion`semi-synthetic'
inventedin1980'
s,haslessoilconcentrationand/orhigheremulsifierratio10%-40%oil.Duetothehighlevelsofemulsifiertheoildropletsizeinthefluidaresmallerwhichmakethefluidmoretranslucentandeasytoseetheworkpieceduringoperation.Otherimportantbenefitisinitsabilitytoemulsifyanyleakageofoilfromthemachinepartsinthecuttingfluid,acorrosioninhibitors,andbacteriacontrol.
3.Mineraloilfree`synthetic'
isamixofchemicals,water,bacteriacontrol,corrosioninhibitors,anddyes.Doesnotcontainanymineraloils,andprovidesgoodvisibility
.23totheworkpiece.bareinmindthatthelackofmineraloilinthistypeofcutting
fluidneedstotakemoreattentiontomachinepartslubricationsinceitshouldnotleaveanoilyfilmonthemachineparts,andmightcausesealsdegradationduethelackofprotection.
5.1.2CuttingFluidSelection
Manyfactorsinfluencetheselectionofcuttingfluid;
mainlyworkpiecematerial,typeofmachiningoperation,machinetoolparts,paints,andseals.Table5-1preparedatthemachinetoolindustryresearchassociation[2]providessuggestionsonthetypeoffluidtobeused.
5.1.3CoolantManagement
Toachieveahighlevelofcuttingfluidsperformanceandcosteffectiveness,acoolantrecyclingsystemshouldbeinstalledinthefactory.Thissystemwillreducetheamountofnewpurchasedcoolant
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