《英语词汇学》知识点归纳Word文档下载推荐.docx
- 文档编号:14109415
- 上传时间:2022-10-18
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:16
- 大小:31.83KB
《英语词汇学》知识点归纳Word文档下载推荐.docx
《《英语词汇学》知识点归纳Word文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《《英语词汇学》知识点归纳Word文档下载推荐.docx(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
ThereasonforastudenttostudyEnglishlexicology:
Accordingtothetextbook,EnglishLexicologywilldefinitelybebeneficialforstudentsofEnglish、
AgoodknowledgeofmorphologicalstructuresofEnglishwordsandrulesofword-formationwillhelplearnersdeveloptheirpersonalvocabularyandconsciouslyincreasetheirwordpower、Theinformationofthehistoricaldevelopmentandtheprinciplesofclassificationwillgivethemadeeperunderstandingofword-meaningandenablethemtoorganize,classifyandstorewordsmoreeffectively、Theunderstandingandtheirsenserelationswillgraduallyraisetheirawarenessofmeaningandusage,andenablethemusewordsmoreaccuratelyandappropriately、Aworkingknowledgeofdictionarieswillimprovetheirskillsofusingreferencebooksandraisetheirproblem-solvingabilityandefficiencyofindividualstudy、
Chapter1--Basicconceptsofwordsandvocabulary
Word(词的定义):
Awordisaminimalfreeformofalanguagethathasagivensoundandmeaningandsyntacticfunction、
(1)aminimalfreeformofalanguage
(2)asoundunity(3)aunitofmeaning(4)aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence
Soundandmeaning(声音与意义):
almostarbitrary,“nologicalrelationshipbetweenthesoundwhichstandsforathingoranideaandtheactualthingandideaitself”
Soundandform(读音与形式):
不统一的四个原因
(1)theEnglishalphabetwasadoptedfromtheRomans,whichdoesnothaveaseparatelettertorepresenteachother
(2)thepronunciationhaschangedmorerapidlythanspellingovertheyears(3)someofthedifferencewerecreatesbytheearlyscribes(4)theborrowingsisanimportantchannelofenrichingtheEnglishvocabulary
Vocabulary(词汇):
allthewordsinalanguagemakeupitsvocabulary
ClassificationofEnglishWords:
Byusefrequency:
basicwordstock&
nonbasicvocabulary
Bynotion:
contentwords&
functionalwords
Byorigin:
nativewords&
borrowedwords
Thebasicwordstock(基本词汇):
isthefoundationofthevocabularyaccumulatedovercenturiesandformsthecommoncoreofthelanguage、ThoughitconstituteasmallpercentageoftheEV,itisthemostimportantpartofvocabulary、
TheFundamentalFeaturesoftheBasicWordStock(基本词汇的特征):
1)All-Nationalcharacter(全民通用性mostimportant)2)Stability(相对稳定性)
3)Productivity(多产性)4)Polysemy(多义性)5)Collocability(可搭配性)
没有上述特征的words:
(1)Terminology(术语)
(2)Jargon(行话)(3)slang(俚语)(4)Argot(暗语)(5)Dialectalwords(方言)(6)Archaisms(古语)(7)Neologisms(新词语):
Neologismsmeansnewly-createdwordsorexpressions,orwordsthathavetakenonnewmeanings、(email)
Contentwords/notionalwords实词(cloud,runwalk,never,five,frequently)andfunctionalwords/emptywords虚词(on,of,and,be,but)
NativeWordsandBorrowedWords
Nativewords(本族语词):
knownasAnglo-Saxonwords(50,000-60,000),arewordsbroughttoBritaininthe5thcenturybytheGermanictribes、(mainstreamofthebasicword-stocks)、Twootherfeatures:
(1)neutralinstyle
(2)frequentinuse
Borrowedwords/Loanwords(外来语词):
wordstakenoverfromforeignlanguages、(80%ofmodernEV)
4Typesofloanwords:
1)denizens(同化词):
(shirtfromskyrta(ON))
2)aliens(非同化词/外来词):
areborrowedwordswhichhaveretainedtheiroriginalpronunciationandspelling(kowtow(CH)磕头)
3)translationloans(译借词):
按其她语言方式组成英语longtimenosee(fromChina)
4)semanticloans(借义词):
theyarenotborrowedwithreferencetotheform,buttheirmeaningsareborrowed
Chapter2thedevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabulary
TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamily(印欧语系)
TheEightGroupsinIndo-EuropeanFamilyofLanguages(8大印欧语群)
TheEasternset:
(1)TheBalto-slavicGroup(波罗的-斯拉夫语族):
Russian,Bulgarian,Polish,Czechetc、
(2)TheIndo-IranianGroup(印度-伊朗语族):
Hindi,Bengali,Persianetc、
(3)TheArmenianGroup(亚美尼亚语族):
Armenian、
(4)TheAlbanianGroup(阿尔巴尼亚语族):
Albanian、
TheWesternset:
(5)TheHellenicGroup(古希腊语族):
Greek、
(6)TheItalianGroup(意大利语族):
Latin,Romancelanguages(French,Italian,Spanish,portuguese,Romanian)etc、
(7)TheCelticGroup(凯尔特语族):
Irish,Welsh,Bretonetc、
(8)TheGermanicGroup(日耳曼语族):
Flemish,German,Dutch,Scandinavian(Norweigian,Swedish,Danish,Icelandic)etc、
TheThreeStagesofDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabulary:
1OldEnglish(450-1100)(vocabulary50,000to60,000):
wasIhighinflectedlanguage、
2MiddleEnglish(1150-1500):
retainesmuchfewerinflections
3ModernEnglish(1500-uptonow
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 英语词汇学 英语 词汇学 知识点 归纳