美国反舞弊性财务报告委员会发起组织的报告外文翻译Word格式文档下载.docx
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美国反舞弊性财务报告委员会发起组织的报告外文翻译Word格式文档下载.docx
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外文题目Committeeofsponsoringorganizations
ofthetreadwayCommission
外文出处Enterpriseriskmanagement
外文作者Committeeofsponsoringorganizations原文:
Committeeofsponsoringorganizationsofthetreadwaycommission
Organizationaloverview
COSOwasformedin1985tosponsortheNationalCommissiononFraudulentFinancialReporting(theTreadwayCommission).TheTreadwayCommissionwasoriginallyjointlysponsoredandfundedbyfivemainprofessionalaccountingassociationsandinstitutesheadquarteredintheUnitedStates:
theAmericanInstituteofCertifiedPublicAccountants(AICPA),AmericanAccountingAssociation(AAA),FinancialExecutivesInternational(FEI),InstituteofInternalAuditors(IIA)andtheInstituteofManagementAccountants(IMA).TheTreadwayCommissionrecommendedthattheorganizationssponsoringtheCommissionworktogethertodevelopintegratedguidanceoninternalcontrol.ThesefiveorganizationsformedwhatisnowcalledtheCommitteeofSponsoringOrganizationsoftheTreadwayCommission.
TheoriginalchairmanoftheTreadwayCommissionwasJamesC.Treadway,Jr.,ExecutiveVicePresidentandGeneralCounsel,PaineWebberIncorporatedandaformerCommissioneroftheU.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommission.Hence,thepopularname"
TreadwayCommission"
.Currently,DavidL.LandsittelreplacedLarryE.RittenbergastheCOSOChairman.
History
Duetoquestionablecorporatepoliticalcampaignfinancepracticesandforeigncorruptpracticesinthemid-1970s,theU.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC)andtheU.S.Congressenactedcampaignfinancelawreformsandthe1977ForeignCorruptPracticesAct(FCPA)whichcriminalizedtransnationalbriberyandrequiredcompaniestoimplementinternalcontrolprograms.Inresponse,theTreadwayCommission,aprivate-sectorinitiative,wasformedin1985toinspect,analyze,andmakerecommendationsonfraudulentcorporatefinancialreporting.
TheTreadwayCommissionstudiedthefinancialinformationreportingsystemovertheperiodfromOctober1985toSeptember1987andissuedareportoffindingsandrecommendationsinOctober1987titledReportoftheNationalCommissiononFraudulentFinancialReporting.Asaresultofthisinitialreport,theCommitteeofSponsoringOrganizations(COSO)wasformedanditretainedCoopers&
Lybrand,amajorCPAfirm,tostudytheissuesandauthorareportregardinganintegratedframeworkofinternalcontrol.
InSeptember1992,thefourvolumereportentitledInternalControl—IntegratedFrameworkwasreleasedbyCOSOandlaterre-publishedwithminoramendmentsin1994.Thisreportpresentedacommondefinitionofinternalcontrolandprovidedaframeworkagainstwhichinternalcontrolsystemsmaybeassessedandimproved.ThisreportisonestandardthatU.S.companiesusetoevaluatetheircompliancewithFCPA.AccordingtoapollbyCFOMagazinereleasedin2006,82%ofrespondentsclaimedtheyusedCOSO’sframeworkforinternalcontrols.OtherframeworksusedbyrespondentsincludedCOBIT,AS2(AuditingStandardNo.2,PCAOB),andSAS55/78(AICPA).
Internalcontrol-integratedframework
KeyconceptsoftheCOSOframework
TheCOSOframeworkinvolvesseveralkeyconcepts:
∙Internalcontrolisaprocess.Itisameanstoanend,notanendinitself.
∙Internalcontrolisaffectedbypeople.It’snotmerelypolicy,manuals,andforms,butpeopleateverylevelofanorganization.
∙Internalcontrolcanbeexpectedtoprovideonlyreasonableassurance,notabsoluteassurance,toanentity’smanagementandboard.
∙Internalcontrolisgearedtotheachievementofobjectivesinoneormoreseparatebutoverlappingcategories.
Useofthecapabilitymaturitymodel
ThecapabilitiesofanorganizationinrelationtotheCOSOmodelcouldbeassessedbasedonuniversalstatesorplateausthatorganizationstypicallytarget.Thedescriptionsareincremental.
Thecapabilitydescriptionsarebasedonevolutiontowardgenerallyrecognizedbestpractices.Eachorganizationdetermineswhichlevelof"
maturity"
wouldbethemostappropriateinsupportofitsbusinessneeds,prioritiesandavailabilityofresources.Aratingsystemof“0”to“5”isused.Aratingof“5”doesnotnecessarilymean“goodness”,butrather,maturityofcapability.Theidealmaturityratingforanyareaisdependentontheneedsoftheorganization.Thedifferentandprogressiveplateausare:
0Non-existentwhen:
Theorganizationlacksprocedurestomonitortheeffectivenessofinternalcontrols.Managementinternalcontrolreportingmethodsareabsent.ThereisageneralunawarenessofIToperationalsecurityandinternalcontrolassurance.Managementandemployeeshaveanoveralllackofawarenessofinternalcontrols.
1Initial/AdHocwhen:
ManagementrecognizestheneedforregularITmanagementandcontrolassurance.Individual
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- 关 键 词:
- 美国 舞弊 财务报告 委员会 发起 组织 报告 外文 翻译