合肥工业大学大学物理考试试题Word版Word格式文档下载.docx

合肥工业大学大学物理考试试题Word版Word格式文档下载.docx

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3.Abulletofmassmisshotintoasandhillalongahorizontalpath,assumethatthedragofthesandis,findthevelocityfunctionv（t）ifandthegravitationofthebulletcanbeignored.

4.whatworkisdonebyaconservativeforcethatmovesaparticleinxyplanefromtheinitialpositiontothefinalposition.AllquantitiesareinSI.

5.Theangularpositionofapointontherimofarotatingwheelisgivenby,whereisinradiansandtisinseconds.Find（a）itsangularvelocitiesatt=0sandt=4.0s?

（b）Calculateitsangularaccelerationatt=2.0s.（c）Isitsangularaccelerationconstant?

6.AuniformthinrodofmassMandlengthLcanrotatefreelyaboutahorizontalaxispassingthroughitstopendo（）.Abulletofmassmpenetratestherodpassingitscenterofmasswhentherodisinverticalstationary.Ifthepathofthebulletishorizontalwithaninitialspeedvobeforepenetrationandafterpenetration.Showthat（a）theangularvelocityoftherodjustafterthepenetrationis.（b）Findthemaximumangulartherodwillswingupwardafterpenetration.

7.A1.0gbulletisfiredintoablock（M=0.50kg）thatismountedontheendofarod（L=0.60m）.TherotationalinertiaoftherodaloneaboutAis.Theblock-rod-bulletsystemthenrotatesaboutafixedaxisatpointA.Assumetheblockissmallenoughtotreatasaparticleontheendoftherod.Question:

（a）Whatistherotationalinertiaoftheblock-rod-bulletsystemaboutA?

（b）IftheangularspeedofthesystemaboutAjustafterthebullet’simpactis4.5rad/s,Whatisthespeedofthebulletjustbeforetheimpact?

8.Aclockmovesalongthexaxisataspeedof0.800candreadszeroasitpassestheorigin.（a）CalculatetheLorentzfactor

betweentherestframeSandtheframeS*inwhichtheclockisrest.（b）whattimedoestheclockreadasitpassesx=180m?

9.Whatmustbethemomentumofaparticlewithmassmsothatitstotalenergyis3timesrestenergy?

10.Idealgaswithinaclosedchamberundergoesthecycleshownin

theFig.CalculateQnetthenetenergyaddedtothegasasheatduringonecompletecycle.

11.OnemoleofamonatomicidealgasundergoesthecycleshownintheFig.temperatureatstateAis300K.

（a）.calculatethetemperatureofstateBandC.

（b）.whatisthechangeininternalenergyofthegasbetweenstateAandstateB?

（）

（c）.theworkdonebythegasofthewholecycle.

（d）.thenetheataddedtothegasduringonecompletecycle.

12.Themotionoftheelectronsinmetalsissimilartothemotionofmoleculesintheidealgases.ItsdistributionfunctionofspeedisnotMaxwell’scurvebutgivenby.

（0≤v≤vF）

（vF<

v<

∞）

thepossiblemaximumspeedvFiscalledFermispeed.（a）plotthedistributioncurvequalitatively.（b）ExpressthecoefficientAintermsofvF.（c）Finditsaveragespeedvavg.

13.Twocontainersareatthesametemperature.Thefirstcontainsgaswithpressure,molecularmass,andrmsspeed.Thesecondcontainsgaswithpressure,molecularmass,andaveragespeed.Findthemassratio.

14.Inaquasi-staticprocessoftheidealgas,dW=PdVanddEint=nCvdT.Fromthe1stlawofthermodynamicsshowthatthechangeofentropy.Wherenisthenumberofmoles,Cvisthemolarspecificheatofthegasatconstantvolume,Ristheidealgasconstant,（Vi,Ti）and（Vf,Tf）.aretheinitialandfinalvolumesandtemperaturesrespectively.

15.ItisfoundexperimentallythattheelectricfieldinacertainregionofEarth’satmosphereisdirectedverticallydown.Atanaltitudeof300mthefieldis60.0N/C;

atanaltitudeof200m,thefieldis100N/C.Findthenetchargecontainedinacube100monedge,withhorizontalfacesataltitudesof200mand300m.NeglectthecurvatureofEarth.

16.AnisolatedsphereconductorofradiusRwithchargeQ.（a）FindtheenergyUstoredintheelectricfieldinthevacuumoutsidetheconductor.（b）IfthespaceisfilledwithauniformdielectricsofknownwhatisU*storedinthefieldoutsidetheconductorthen?

17.ChargeisdistributeduniformlythroughoutthevolumeofaninfinitelylongcylinderofradiusR.（a）showthat,atadistancerfromthecylinderaxis（r<

R）,,whereisthevolumechargedensity.（b）writetheexpressionforEwhenr>

R.

18.Anon-uniformbutsphericallysymmetricdistributionofchargehasavolumedensitygivenasfollow:

（0≤r≤R）

（R<

r<

∞）

whereisapositiveconstant,risthedistancetothesymmetriccente