Protecting All Children's Teeth：保护所有儿童的牙齿优质PPT.pptx

Protecting All Children's Teeth：保护所有儿童的牙齿优质PPT.pptx

《Protecting All Children's Teeth：保护所有儿童的牙齿优质PPT.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Protecting All Children's Teeth：保护所有儿童的牙齿优质PPT.pptx（46页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

ProtectingAllChildrensTeeth,Caries,Introduction,Cariesisthemedicaltermfortheinfectiousprocessthat,ifuntreated,canprogresstoacavity.Dentalcariesdisproportionatelyaffectpoorandminoritypopulations.Dentalcariesarethemostcommonchronicdiseaseofchildhood.Inpediatrics,thereisasubsetofpatientswhodevelopseverecariesbefore5yearsofage.ThisprocessistermedEarlyChildhoodCaries,orECC.,LearnerObjectives,Uponcompletionofthispresentation,participantswillbeableto:

@#@,DefinecariesandEarlyChildhoodCaries（ECC）.Nametheprimarybacteriainvolvedinthecariesprocess.Discussthecontributionofcarbohydratemetabolismincariesdevelopment.Statetheimportantprotectivebenefitsofsaliva.ListriskfactorsanddescribetheoralmanifestationsofECC.Describethe5stagesofECCandidentifyearlylesionsonphysicalexam.DiscusstheimpactofECConoverallhealthandwell-being.Recallthe6majormethodsofpreventingECC.,EtiologyandPathophysiology,Thereare3requirementsfortheformationofdentalcaries:

@#@BacteriaSugarTeethBecausedentalcariesisaninfectiousprocess,cariescannotformintheabsenceofbacteria,regardlessofsugarintake.,EtiologyandPathophysiology,Bacteriaadheretothetoothsurfaceinabiofilmcalleddentalplaque.Whencarbohydratesareconsumed,theyaremetabolizedbybacteriaandproduceacidasabyproduct.Theacidcausesdemineralizationofthetoothenamel.,EtiologyandPathophysiology,continued,Thefollowingfactorscontributetodemineralization:

@#@,HighoralbacterialloadFrequentfeedingsPoororalhygieneDecreasedsalivaproduction,EtiologyandPathophysiology,continued,Thesefactorsaidintheremineralizationprocess:

@#@,SalivaGoodoralhygieneAnon-cariogenicdiet,However,itispossibletoreversethedemineralizationprocessbeforecavitationoccurs.,Bacteria,TheprimarybacteriainvolvedinthepathogenesisofcariesisStreptococcusmutans,butmanyotherbacteriahavealsobeenimplicated,includingSsobrinus,Actinomycessp,andLactobacillussp.Increasednumbersofbacteriaincreasesachildsriskforcaries.,Bacteria,continued,Plaqueiscomposedofsalivaryproteinsthatadheretoteeth,aswellasbacteriaandtheirbyproducts.Plaqueharborsthebacteriathatinitiatethedemineralizationprocess.Frequentremovalcanreducethelikelihoodofdevelopingdentalcaries.,SMutans,Smutansisconcentratedinthepitsandfissuresofteeth,sothegroovedsurfacesofthemolarsarethemostcommonsiteforcaries.,SMutans,continued,ThevirulenceofSmutansvarieswiththestrain.ThetypeofSmutanscannotbemodified,butthenumberofbacteriacanbealtered.Thesemethodscanbeusedtodecreasebacteriaandminimizecaries:

@#@,BrushingFlossingProfessionaldentalcleaningsFluorideuseChlorhexidinemouthrinsesandXylitoluse,SMutans,continued,Smutansistransmittedfromtheprimarycaregivertoinfantbysaliva.Transmissionratesincreasewhenparents:

@#@,Shareutensilsortoothbrushes.Tastefoodordrinkbeforeservingit.“Clean”adroppedpacifierwithsaliva.Allowachildtoplacefingersintoanadultsmouth.,Sugar,Themetabolismofcarbohydratesbyoralbacteriacreatesacidthatdemineralizesenamel.Theriskofdemineralizationandcariesdevelopmentisdirectlyrelatedtothefrequencywithwhichtheteethareexposedtosugar.,Sugar,continued,Cariesformationispromotedthroughthefollowingactivities:

@#@,Frequentorprolongedcontactoftheteethwithsugarysubstances.Consumptionofstickyfoods.Dippingapacifierinsweetenerslikehoneyorcornsyrup.Regularuseofmedicationsthatcontainsucrose,includingsomemulti-vitamins.,Sugar,continued,Cariesriskisdiminishedwhen:

@#@,Teethareimmediatelybrushedaftereatingtoremovestickyfoods.Freshfruit,vegetables,andwholegrainsnacksarechosen.,Enamel,Enamelisaphysicalbarriertobacterialinvasionofthetoothsroot.Acidproducedbybacteriaontheteethdemineralizestheenamel.Whentheenamelisweakenedorlessabletoremineralize,theriskforcariesisincreased.,Enamel,continued,Becausetheyoftenfollowtheirparentseatingandoralhygienepatterns,childrentendtohaveteethsimilartotheirparents.Thehealthandstrengthoftheenamelcanbemodifiedbychanginghealthbehaviors.,DentalSealants,OutsidetheEarlyChildhoodCaries（ECC）agerange,themajorityofcariesdevelopongroovedsurfacesofteeththepitsandfissuresofthemolars.Thisiswhydentalsealantsareaneffectivemethodofcariesprevention.,Saliva,Salivahasseveralimportantpropertiesthathelptoprotectagainstcaries:

@#@,Salivabuffersacid.Salivaisbacteriostatic.Salivaaidsinremineralizingtheteeth.,Saliva,continued,Decreasedsalivaproductionpromotesdevelopmentofcaries.Possiblecausesoflimitedsalivaproductioninclude:

@#@,SystemicdiseasesSalivaryglanddamagefromsurgeryorradiationtherapyMedicationeffects,Saliva,continued,Medicationsarethemostcommoncauseofdecreas