全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题及参考答案.docx
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全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一试题及参考答案.docx
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2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer’spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.
Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning—agradual7—insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey’veapparentlylearnediswhento8.
Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?
That’sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe’veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI’veevermet.
Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:
Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?
20theresultsareinconclusive.
1.[A]Suppose [B]Consider [C]Observe [D]Imagine
2.[A]tended [B]feared [C]happened [D]threatened
3.[A]thinner [B]stabler [C]lighter [D]dimmer
4.[A]tendency [B]advantage [C]inclination [D]priority
5.[A]insistson [B]sumsup [C]turnsout [D]putsforward
6.[A]off [B]behind [C]over [D]along
7.[A]incredible [B]spontaneous[C]inevitable [D]gradual
8.[A]fight [B]doubt [C]stop [D]think
9.[A]invisible [B]limited [C]indefinite [D]different
10.[A]upward [B]forward [C]afterward[D]backward
11.[A]features [B]influences [C]results [D]costs
12.[A]outside [B]on [C]by [D]across
13.[A]deliver [B]carry [C]perform [D]apply
14.[A]bychance [B]incontrast [C]asusual [D]forinstance
15.[A]if [B]unless [C]as [D]lest
16.[A]moderate [B]overcome [C]determine [D]reach
17.[A]at [B]for [C]after [D]with
18.[A]Aboveall [B]Afterall [C]However [D]Otherwise
19.[A]fundamental [B]comprehensive[C]equivalent [D]hostile
20.[A]Byaccident [B]Intime [C]Sofar [D]Betterstill
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeconnotation.
Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.
Butdon’tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothebrain,they’retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.
“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDawnaMarkova,authorof“TheOpenMind”andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners.“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide,’justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider.’ ”Sheadds,however,that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”
Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe’reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:
analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhal
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