《英汉语言对比与翻译》教案设计3Word格式.docx
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《英汉语言对比与翻译》教案设计3Word格式.docx
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Youcouldknowyourownlanguageonlyifyoucompareditwithotherlanguages.
——Engels
Explainsomeofthepoints:
1.Why“contrast”butnot“compare”?
2.Whatis“language”?
3.What’stheaimofcontrastivestudyoftwolanguages?
4.Contentofstudy.
5.AgeneralcontrastivestudyofChineseandEnglish
6.Contrastivestudyofphonetics.
Explanation:
1.Compare:
similarityoftwothings
Contrast:
differencesoftwothings
语言对比是指不同语言间的对比分析,通常是通过compare和contrast两种途径。
比较语言学(Comparativelinguistics)的主要任务是寻找不同语言间的共性。
对比语言学(contrastivelinguistics)是对两种或两种以上的语言进行共时的对比研究,描述它们之间的异同特别是不同之处。
2.起步阶段:
二十世纪初——二十世纪四十年代末严复、元任、吕叔湘、王力
停滞阶段:
1949——1976
复苏和发展阶段:
1977年5月后,特别是进入九十年代后
3.Whatis“language”?
语言:
语言是一种表达观念的符号系统。
Language:
thesystemofhumancommunicationwhichconsistsofthestructuredarrangementofsounds(ortheirwrittenrepresentation)intolargerunits,e.g.morphemes,words,groups/phrases,sentences
4.What’stheaimofcontrastivestudy?
1)促进英语教学:
语音教学、写作教学以及翻译教学。
2)西方对比语言学认为,一本好的外语教材,一方面对所学外语进行科学的描写,一方面对学生的本民族语进行平行描写,并加以仔细比较。
通过两种或多种语言的对比研究,可以更好地认识语言的结构,进一步认识语言的本质。
1.Introduction
1.1Contrastiveanalysisversuscomparativelinguistics
1.1.1Definitionofcontrastiveanalysis
Contrastiveanalysisisabranchoflinguisticsthatmakessynchroniccontrastivestudyoftwoormorelanguagesinordertoshowthedifferencesandsimilarities,esp.thedifferences,andtomakeuseofthemmainlyinlanguageteachingandlearning.
1.1.2Definitionofcomparativelinguistics
Comparativelinguisticsisabranchoflinguisticsthatmakesdiachroniccomparativestudyofmorelanguagesinordertoshowthedifferencesandsimilarities,esp.thesimilarities,andtofindtheproto-languageanddevelopetymology.
1.1.3Comparisonsbetweencontrastiveanalysisandcomparativelinguistics
Contrastiveanalysis Comparativelinguistics
Othernames:
ContrastivestudyComparativephilology(语文学)
ContrastiveLinguisticsComparativegrammar
Time:
SynchronicDiachronic
Object:
DifferentlanguagesanddialectsDifferentlanguagesinthesamefamily
Goal:
ToknowdifferencesandsimilaritiesToknowtheoriginalityoflanguages
Contents:
Phonology,morphology,syntaxandPhonology,morphology,syntax
semantics
Value:
Todeveloptypology(类型学)Tofindtheproto-language(共同原始语)
Tohelpcorrecterrors Todevelopetymology
Tohelplearnlanguage
Tohelpintranslation
(HartmannandStork:
1976)
※typology:
isolating,agglutinative,inflective
1.1.4Fourquadrantsofcontrastiveanalysisandcomparativelinguistics
withinlanguage
21
diachronicsynchronic
34
betweenlanguages
1.2Classificationofcontrastiveanalysis
1.2.1Classificationoflinguistics
Generaltheoreticallinguistics(4)
theoretical
linguistics
(2)
Concretetheoreticallinguistics(5)
Linguistics
(1)
Generalappliedlinguistics(6)
applied
linguistics(3)
Concreteappliedlinguistics(7)
Generaltheoreticallinguistics(4):
studyofgeneralcharacters,constructions,rules,methods,classificationsandtheirinterrelationsofhumanlanguage
Concretetheoreticallinguistics(5):
studyofacertainlanguage(soithasgotothernames:
speciallinguistics,individuallinguistics)
Generalappliedlinguistics(6):
applicationofthelinguisticprinciplesandstudyachievementstolanguageteaching
Concreteappliedlinguistics(7)applicationofthestudyofacertainlanguagestoacertainlanguageteaching
1.2.2Classificationofcontrastivelinguistics
Generaltheoreticalcontrastivelinguistics(4)
theoreticalcontrastive
Concretetheoreticalcontrastivelinguistics(5)
contrastive
linguistics
(1)
Generalappliedcontrastivelinguistics(6)
appliedcontrastive
Concreteappliedcontrastivelinguistics(7)
Generaltheoreticalcontrastivelinguistics(4):
studyofgeneraltheoriesandmethodsbetweentwoormorelanguages
Concretetheoreticalcontrastivelinguistics(5):
descriptionsoftwoormorecertainlanguageswiththegeneraltheoriesandmethodsofcontrastivelinguistics
Generalappliedcontrastivelinguistics(6):
applicationofthestudyofgeneraltheoriesandmethodsofcontrastivelinguisticstolanguageteaching
Concreteappliedcontrastivelinguistics(7):
contrastoftwolanguagesforacertainpurposee.g.tocompileabookaboutgrammarbetweenEnglishandChinese
1.3Name,originanddevelopmentofcontrastiveanalysis
1.3.1Name:
Contrastiveanalysis:
analysisofdifficultlinguisticpoints
Contrastivestudies:
theoriesandmethods
Contrastivelinguistics:
generalname,includingtheoryandapplication
1.3.2Origin
Europe:
aroundtheyear1900,synchron
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