查拉图斯特拉如是说英文全文Word格式.docx
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查拉图斯特拉如是说英文全文Word格式.docx
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HOWZARATHUSTRACAMEINTOBEING.
"
Zarathustra"
ismybrother'
smostpersonalwork;
itisthehistoryofhismostindividualexperiences,ofhisfriendships,ideals,raptures,bitterestdisappointmentsandsorrows.Aboveitall,however,theresoars,transfiguringit,theimageofhisgreatesthopesandremotestaims.MybrotherhadthefigureofZarathustrainhismindfromhisveryearliestyouth:
heoncetoldmethatevenasachildhehaddreamtofhim.Atdifferentperiodsinhislife,hewouldcallthishaunterofhisdreamsbydifferentnames;
"
butintheend,"
hedeclaresinanoteonthesubject,"
IhadtodoaPERSIANthehonourofidentifyinghimwiththiscreatureofmyfancy.Persianswerethefirsttotakeabroadandcomprehensiveviewofhistory.Everyseriesofevolutions,accordingtothem,waspresidedoverbyaprophet;
andeveryprophethadhis'
Hazar,'
--hisdynastyofathousandyears."
AllZarathustra'
sviews,asalsohispersonality,wereearlyconceptionsofmybrother'
smind.Whoeverreadshisposthumouslypublishedwritingsfortheyears1869-82withcare,willconstantlymeetwithpassagessuggestiveofZarathustra'
sthoughtsanddoctrines.Forinstance,theidealoftheSupermanisputforthquiteclearlyinallhiswritingsduringtheyears1873-75;
andin"
WePhilologists"
thefollowingremarkableobservationsoccur:
--
Howcanonepraiseandglorifyanationasawhole?
--EvenamongtheGreeks,itwastheINDIVIDUALSthatcounted."
TheGreeksareinterestingandextremelyimportantbecausetheyrearedsuchavastnumberofgreatindividuals.Howwasthispossible?
Thequestionisonewhichoughttobestudied.
Iaminterestedonlyintherelationsofapeopletotherearingoftheindividualman,andamongtheGreekstheconditionswereunusuallyfavourableforthedevelopmentoftheindividual;
notbyanymeansowingtothegoodnessofthepeople,butbecauseofthestrugglesoftheirevilinstincts.
WITHTHEHELPOFFAVOURABLEMEASURESGREATINDIVIDUALSMIGHTBEREAREDWHOWOULDBEBOTHDIFFERENTFROMANDHIGHERTHANTHOSEWHOHERETOFOREHAVEOWEDTHEIREXISTENCETOMERECHANCE.Herewemaystillbehopeful:
intherearingofexceptionalmen."
ThenotionofrearingtheSupermanisonlyanewformofanidealNietzschealreadyhadinhisyouth,that"
THEOBJECTOFMANKINDSHOULDLIEINITSHIGHESTINDIVIDUALS"
(or,ashewritesin"
SchopenhauerasEducator"
:
Mankindoughtconstantlytobestrivingtoproducegreatmen--thisandnothingelseisitsduty."
)Buttheidealshemostreveredinthosedaysarenolongerheldtobethehighesttypesofmen.No,aroundthisfutureidealofacominghumanity--theSuperman--thepoetspreadtheveilofbecoming.Whocantelltowhatgloriousheightsmancanstillascend?
Thatiswhy,afterhavingtestedtheworthofournoblestideal--thatoftheSaviour,inthelightofthenewvaluations,thepoetcrieswithpassionateemphasisin"
NeveryethaththerebeenaSuperman.NakedhaveIseenbothofthem,thegreatestandthesmallestman:
All-too-similararetheystilltoeachother.VerilyeventhegreatestfoundI--all-too-human!
Thephrase"
therearingoftheSuperman,"
hasveryoftenbeenmisunderstood.Bytheword"
rearing,"
inthiscase,ismeanttheactofmodifyingbymeansofnewandhighervalues--valueswhich,aslawsandguidesofconductandopinion,arenowtoruleovermankind.IngeneralthedoctrineoftheSupermancanonlybeunderstoodcorrectlyinconjunctionwithotherideasoftheauthor'
s,suchas:
--theOrderofRank,theWilltoPower,andtheTransvaluationofallValues.HeassumesthatChristianity,asaproductoftheresentmentofthebotchedandtheweak,hasputinbanallthatisbeautiful,strong,proud,andpowerful,infactallthequalitiesresultingfromstrength,andthat,inconsequence,allforceswhichtendtopromoteorelevatelifehavebeenseriouslyundermined.Now,however,anewtableofvaluationsmustbeplacedovermankind--namely,thatofthestrong,mighty,andmagnificentman,overflowingwithlifeandelevatedtohiszenith--theSuperman,whoisnowputbeforeuswithoverpoweringpassionastheaimofourlife,hope,andwill.Andjustastheoldsystemofvaluing,whichonlyextolledthequalitiesfavourabletotheweak,thesuffering,andtheoppressed,hassucceededinproducingaweak,suffering,and"
modern"
race,sothisnewandreversedsystemofvaluingoughttorearahealthy,strong,lively,andcourageoustype,whichwouldbeaglorytolifeitself.Statedbriefly,theleadingprincipleofthisnewsystemofvaluingwouldbe:
Allthatproceedsfrompowerisgood,allthatspringsfromweaknessisbad."
Thistypemustnotberegardedasafancifulfigure:
itisnotaneb
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