内科学名词解释158题(国外英文资料).docx

内科学名词解释158题(国外英文资料).docx

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内科学名词解释158题

First:

respiratorydisease

1,lobularpneumonia:

referstothepathogensbybronchialintrusion,causesthebronchioles,terminal,alveolarinflammationofthebronchiolesandoftensecondarytothediseasefromotherdiseases,manyinvolvingthelowerlobeofthelung,thereisnorealchangesigns,commonpathogensstaphylococcusaureus,pneumococcus,virusandmycoplasma,etc.

2,community-acquiredpneumonia（CAP）:

referstothehospitalsufferingfrominfectiousinflammation,includinghasclearlatentpathogeninfectioninthehospitalaftertheaveragelatentperiodofonsetofpneumonia.

Hospitalacquiredpneumonia（HAP）:

referstotheinflammationthatoccursinthehospitalafter48hoursinhospitalwhenthepatientdoesnotexistandisnotintheincubationperiod.

Pulmonaryabscess:

apusthatisformedbythenecrosisoflungtissue.Theclinicalfeaturesarehighfever,coughingandcoughingupalotoffetidsputum.ThechestX-rayshowsoneormoreairliquid-containingcavity.

Pneumonia:

referstotheinflammationoftheair,alveoli,andlungs,whichcanbecausedbypathogenicmicroorganisms,physicochemicalfactors,immuneinjury,allergiesanddrugs.

1bronchialasthma:

referstoavarietyofcells,suchas

eosinophilsandmastcells,Tcells,neutrophilsandairwayepithelialcells,andcellcomponentsinvolvedinchronicinflammationoftheairway.

Airwayhyperresponsiveness:

itistheappearanceofastrongorprematurecontractionofvariousstimulators.

Asthmaticresponse:

itmeansthatasthmaalmostimmediatelyreactsassoonastheinhalationoftheallergen,andthenpeaksin15to30minutesandgraduallyreturnstonormalafter2hours.

Delayedasthmaresponse:

itisthereactionofasthmathatoccursaround6hoursafterinhalation,whichcanlastforseveraldays.Andtheclinicalsymptomsaresevere,frequentpersistentasthma,andsevereandpersistentlungfunction.

Chronicbronchitis:

chronic,nonspecificinflammationofthebronchowall.Ifthepatientcoughsandcoughsupto3monthsormoreeachyear,fortwoyearsormore,thechroniccoughcanbediagnosedaschronicbronchitis,exceptforotherknowncauses.

2.:

obstructiveemphysemaisreferstotheterminalbronchioles,distallunganomalieslastingexpansionchamber,accompaniedbythedestructionofthealveolarwallsandbronchiolesandnoobviouspulmonaryfibrosis.

Chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease（COPD）:

adiseasethatislimitedandnotcompletelyreversible.Thistypeof

airflowisoftenprogressive,anditisaccompaniedbyanabnormalinflammatoryresponseinthelungstoharmfuldustparticlesorgases.Type4,centrilobularemphysema:

isduetotheterminalbronchiolesorlevelofrespiratorybronchiolesinflammationwithbureaucraticnarrow,secondaryonthefarsideoftherespiratorybronchiolesshowcysticexpansion,andtheexpansionoftherespiratorybronchiolesinsecondarylobuleofcentralpulmonaryemphysema.

Centralemphysemaofthesmallleaf:

agasthatislessthan2mmindiameter.

Primarysyndrome:

primarylesionofthelungs,lymphangitis,andlocallymphadenitis,collectivelyknownasprimarysyndrome

Kochphenomenon:

thephenomenonofthefirstinfectionandreinfectionofthebodyagainsttuberculosisreinfectionandtheinitialinfection,knownastheKochphenomenon.

Centraltypeoflungcancer:

lungcancerwhichoccursinbronchial,leafbronchusandbronchobronchialtubes,andismostlyintheformofsquamouscellcarcinomaandundifferentiatedcarcinoma.

Peripheraltypeoflungcancer:

alsoknownasthelungfieldtype,whichreferstothelungcancerthatoccursinthelowerpartofthelunguntilthebronchialbronchiallung.

Horner'ssyndrome:

referstothecharacteristicofagroupofocularsymptomscausedbytheinjuryofthenerveoftheneck.Thisdiseasecanoccurinanyofthedamagetothecervicalsympatheticpath.

Primarybroncholungcancer,orlungcancer,isthemostcommonprimarymalignancyofthelungs.

5.Superiorvenacavaobstructionsyndrome:

isitbecauseofthesuperiorvenacavawasenlargedmetastaticlymphnodesneartheoppressionorupperrightlungofprimarylungcancerinvasion,andtumoremboliinvenacavaobstructioncausedbyvenousreturn.

1,chroniccorpulmonale:

bychroniclungtissue,lungbloodvesselsorthoraciclesionscausedysfunctionoflungtissuestructureand（or）,pulmonaryvascularresistanceincreases,Pulmonaryarterypressure,rightventricularexpansionorhypertrophy,withorwithoutheartdisease,heartfailureandruleoutcongenitalheartdiseaseandleftheartdiseasecause.

Pulmonaryhypertension:

increasesinpulmonarycirculationresistance,andincreasedrightloadeventuallyleadstotherightheartfailure.Itsdiagnosticcriteriaweretheaveragepulmonaryarterialpressure>25mmHg,ortheaveragepulmonaryarter