定语从句课件-绝对经典系列PPT文档格式.ppt
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定语从句课件-绝对经典系列PPT文档格式.ppt
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Hewasholdingontoatree.从句:
Atreegrewagainstthewall.,还原,定语从句相当于一个形容词,跟在名词或代词后修饰该名词或代词。
1.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2.引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词:
who,whom(作宾语成分),whose,that,which关系副词:
when(时间),where(地点),why(原因),名词/代词+定语从句,关系代词和关系副词的作用:
1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用Eg:
1.Thosewhowanttogopleaseshouldbeready.2.Bill,whowasmystudent,askedmequestions.,关系词引导定语从句,同时指代先行词在定语从句中充当的成分所以先行词在定语从句中不再出现,也不用其他词代替,BillisaboywhoIteachhim.,关系副词引导定语从句时,既引导定语从句,又在定语从句中充当状语。
不能省略.关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词结构。
1、When指时间,在定语从句中充当时间状语。
Hetoldmethedatewhen(onwhich)hejoinedtheParty.2、Where指地点,在定语从句中充当地点状语。
Thisistheplacewhere(inwhich)welivedtenyearsago.3、Why指原因,在定语从句中充当原因状语。
Iknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)shewassoangry.,1.Thisisthepark(that)wevisitedlastyear.Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.2.Shewontforgetthedays(that)shespentontheisland.Shewontforgetthedayswhentheystayedtogether.,关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区分。
同样是修饰一个地点,有时使用where,有时使用that/which;
同样是修饰一个时间,有时使用when,有时使用that/which。
这主要看两点:
一:
先行词在从句中所作成分;
二:
是定语从句中的谓语动词是否是一个及物动词。
(1)Thisisthefactory_Ivisitedlastyear.
(2)Thisisthefactory_Iworkedlastyear.(3)Thisisthefactory_producesallkindsofTVsets.,用关系副词和关系代词,whereB.whichC.whomD.whose以上三个句子只有细微的差别,但答案却不同:
做这种题时,要通过还原先行词,看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分;
1)中是动宾关系,即Ivisitedthefactory.因此选which2)中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语,即:
Iworkedinthefactory,因此选where。
3)中是作定语从句中的主语,即:
thefactoryproducesallkinds不作地点状语,因此选which,A,B,B,
(1)Hangzhouistheplace_Iwentlastsummer.2)Hereadthebook_hissisterhadtoldhimabout.3)Thereason_Peterissohappyisthathepassedtheexam.4)Iremembertheday_myfatherdied.Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime.5)Pleasegivemethereason_youwerelatethistime.6)Iwillgobacktotheplace_Igrewupandlivethereforever.,Why/forwhich,where,which/that/x,When/onwhich,why,Where/inwhich,二.关系代词前介词的确定,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,请体会:
Thisisthecar_whichIboughtlastyear.,Thisisthecar_whichIpaid100$.Thisisthecar_whichIspent100$.Thisisthecar_whichIgotoworkeveryday.Thisisthecar_whichIcantgotowork.Thisisthecar_whichtheoldmanwasknockeddownThisisthecar_whichaboythrewastone.Thisisthecar_whichwetalked.Thisisthecar_whichthewindowwasbroken,/,for,on,in,without,by,at,about,of,2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配,如:
e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomswithwhichImnotfamiliar.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯,请体会:
e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,Thebook_Iheardwaswritten20yearsago.Thepeople_themanspokewerentlistening.Thefilm_Ifellasleepwasveryboring.Thepen_shewrotethatbookcannowbeseeninamuseum.Thelittlecreature_scientistsareinterestedisknownasET.Thegun_hewasshotwasneverfound.,ofwhich,towhom,inwhich,withwhich,inwhich,bywhich,三.Whose引起从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型,即the+n+of+which/whom如:
e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.,四.限制和非限制性定语从句:
restrictiveattributiveclause(无逗号)non-restrictiveattributiveclause(有逗号),.XihuawhoImetacrossinthestreetafewdaysagohasgoneabroad.Xihua,whoImetacrossinthestreetafewdaysagohasgoneabroad.,五.一般说来,定语从句总是紧跟在先行词的后面,但有时候定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开来,这样的句子叫分隔定语从句.Therearethousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikeoursun.Thedaysaregonewhenwesufferedsomuch.Carlstillremembersoneafternooninhisfirstyearwhentheprofessortookthestudentstothechemistrylab.,六、由as引导的定语从句,as可作为关系代词来引导定语从句。
suchas“像一样的”,“像之类”thesameas“和同样的在这两个句型中,as是关系代词,其中such&
same做定语,修饰主句的名词、代词,这个名词是这个定语从句的先行词,as在从句中担任主、宾、表。
例如:
Thisisthesamethingasweareinneedof.Suchpeopleasyousayareshortnow.,2.suchassuch为代词,意思为”这样的人/物“,as修饰先行词such。
ThisbookisnotsuchasIhope.3.thesameas“和同样的“thesamethat“同一个”来引导定语从句。
意思几乎相同。
但从句中省去谓语时必须用as.例如:
Sheisthesameageasyou(thatyouare.)ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.4.,as“这些”,“正如”as引导非限定性定语从句,相当于which引导的非限定性定语从句,有时可互换。
HeisfromBeijing,as/whichtheyknowfromthewayhespeaks.,一.that和which,以下情况,引导词用that,不用which1.先行词为不定代词或被不定代词所修饰everything,little,much,all,anything,nothing,etc.e.g.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolen.2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时,用that。
e.g.Thisisthebestbook(that)Iveeverread.,3.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时,用that。
e.g.HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.4.先行词同时指人和指物时,用that。
e.g.Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.在who,which引导的特殊疑问句中,定语从句中避免重复,一般也只用that;
e.g.Whoisthemanthatiscrying?
6.关系代词在从句中做表语,用that.Hedoesnseemtotheman(that)hewas.7.在therebe结构中用th
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