最新武汉大学博士研究生入学英语试题及详解Word格式.docx

最新武汉大学博士研究生入学英语试题及详解Word格式.docx

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Thereare5readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.

Questions1to4arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Auctionsarepublicsalesofgoods,conductedbyanofficiallyapprovedauctioneer.Heasksthecrowdassembledintheauction-roomtomakeoffers,or"

bids"

forthevariousitemsonsale.Heencouragesbuyerstobidhigherfiguresandfinallynamesthehighestbidderasthebuyerofthegoods.Thisiscalled"

knockingdown"

thegoods,forthebiddingendswhentheauctioneerbangsasmallhammeronatableatwhichhestands.Thisisoftensetonaraisedplatformcalledarostrum.（definition）→what

TheancientRomansprobablyinventedsalesbyauction,andtheEnglishwordcomesfromtheLatinAutcio,meaning"

increase"

.TheRomansusuallysoldinthiswaythespoilstakeninwar;

thesesaleswerecalledsubhasta,meaning"

underthespear"

aspearbeingstuckinthegroundasasignalforacrowdtogather.InEnglandintheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturies,goodswereoftensold"

bythecandle"

:

ashortcandlewaslitbytheauctioneer,andbidscouldbemadewhileitstayedalight.

（history）→how

Practicallyallgoodswhosequalitiesvaryaresoldbyauction.Amongthesearecoffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruitandvegetablesandwines.Auctionsalesarealsousualforlandandproperty,antiquefurniture,pictures,rarebooks,oldchinaandsimilarworksofart.Theauction-roomsasChristie'

sandSotheby'

sinLondonandNewYorkareworld-famous.（goods/items）→how

Anauctionisusuallyadvertisedbeforehandwithfullparticularsofthearticlestobesoldandwhereandwhentheycanbeviewedbyprospectivebuyers.Iftheadvertisementcannotgivefulldetails,cataloguesareprinted,andeachgroupofgoodstobesoldtogether,calleda"

lot"

isusuallygivenanumber.TheauctioneerneednotbeginwithLotIandcontinueinnumericalorder;

hemaywaituntilheregistersthefactthatcertaindealersareintheroomandthenproducethelotstheyarelikelytobeinterestedin.Theauctioneer'

sservicesarepaidforintheformofapercentageofthepricethegoodsaresoldfor.Theauctioneerthereforehasadirectinterestinpushingupthebiddingashighaspossible.（process）→how（363words）

1.Whyistheendofthebiddingcalled"

?

（fact/detail）

A.Becausetheauctioneerknocksthebuyerdown.

B.Becausetheauctioneersknockstherostrumdown.

C.Becausethegoodsareknockeddownontothetable.

D.Becausetheauctioneerbangsthetablewithahammer.

2.TheRomansusedtosellbyauction_____.（fact/detail）

A.spoiltgoods

B.oldworn-outweapons

C.propertytakenfromtheenemy

D.spears

3.Acandleusedtobumatauctionsales______.（judgment/inference）

A.becausetheytookplaceatnight

B.asasignalforthecrowdtogather

C.tokeeptheauctioneerwarm

D.tolimitthetimewhenofferscouldbemade

4.Theauctioneermaydecidetosellthe"

lots"

outoftheorderbecause_____.

A.hesometimeswantstoconfusethebuyers

B.heknowsfromexperiencethatcertainpeoplewillwanttobuycertainitems

C.hewantstokeepcertainpeoplewaiting

D.hewantstoreducethenumberofbuyers

（judgment/inference）

Questios5to8arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteorsbutalsobecauseofraysfromthesunandotherstars.

Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.Dosesofradiationaremeasuredinunitscalled'

rems'

.WeallreceiveradiationhereonEarthfromthesun,fromcosmicraysandfromradioactiveminerals.The'

normal'

doseofradiationthatwereceiveeachyearisabout100millirems;

itvariesaccordingtowhereyoulive,andthisisaveryroughestimate.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthanthiswithoutbeingdamaged,thefigureof60remshasbeenagreed.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage--apersonmayfeelperfectlywell,butthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamaged,andthiswillnotbediscovereduntilthebirthofchildrenorevengrandchildren.what

EarlyspaceprobesshowedthatradiationvariesindifferentpartsofspacearoundtheEarth.Italsovariesintimebecause,whengreatspurtsofgasshootoutofthesun,theyareaccompaniedbyalotofextraradiation.Someestimatesoftheamountofradiationinspace,basedonvariousmeasurementsandcalculations,areaslowas10remsperyear,othersareashighas5remsperho