雅思阅读篇Word文档下载推荐.docx
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雅思阅读篇Word文档下载推荐.docx
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8.PlaceboEffect—ThePowerofNothing安慰剂效应(P25)
9.TheoriginsofLaughter笑的起源(P29)
10.RainwaterHarvesting雨水收集(P32)
11.Serendipity:
TheAccidentalScientists科学偶然性(P36)
12.Terminated!
DinosaurEra!
恐龙时代的终结(P40)
13.TVADDICTION电视上瘾(P43)
14.EIninoandSeabirds厄尔尼诺和水鸟(P46)
15.TheextinctgrassinBritain英国灭绝的某种草(P50)
16.Educationphilosophy教育的哲学(P53)
17.ThesecretofYawn打哈欠的秘密(P57)
18.consecutiveandsimultaneoustranslation交替传译和同声传译(P60)
19.Numeracy:
cananimalstellnumbers?
动物会数数么?
(P63)
20.Goingnowherefast(P66)
21.Theseedhunters种子收集者(P69)
22.TheconquestofMalariainItaly意大利征服疟疾(P72)
READINGPASSAGE1
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40whicharebasedon
ReadingPassage3below.
文章背景:
业余自然学家主要讲述的是有一些人,平时喜欢观察自然界的植物生长,养蜂过
程,气候变化,等等与大自然相关的变化并且做记录得到一些数据,这种数据叫
做“amateurdata”.本文主要介绍业余自然学家以及一些专业自然学家探讨业
余自然学家的数据是否能用,以及应该如何使用这些自然学家的数据,其可信度
有多少等问题。
AmateurNaturalists
FromtheresultsofanannualAlaskanbettingcontesttosightingsof
migratorybirds,ecologistsareusingawealthofunusualdatatopredict
theimpactofclimatechange.
ATimSparksslidesasmallleather-boundnotebookoutofanenvelope.The
book’syellowingpagescontainbeekeepingnotesmadebetween1941and1969
bythelateWalterCoatesofKilworth,Leicestershire.Headdsittohis
growingpileoflocaljournals,birdwatchers’listandgardeningdiaries.
“We’reuncoveringaboutonemajornewrecordeachmonth,”hesays,“I
stillgetsurprised.”AroundtwocenturiesbeforeCoates,RobertMarsham,
alandownerfromNorfolkintheeastofEngland,beganrecordingthelife
cyclesofplantsandanimalsonhisestate-whenthefirstwoodanemones
flowered,thedatesonwhichtheoaksburstintoleafandtherooksbegan
nesting.SuccessiveMarshamscontinuedcompilingthesenotesfor211
years.
BToday,suchrecordsarebeingputtousesthattheirauthorscouldnot
possibly
haveexpected.
Thesedatasets,
andothers
like
them,areproving
invaluabletoecologistsinterestedinthetimingofbiologicalevents,
orphenology.Bycombining
therecords
withclimate
data,
researcherscan
revealhow,forexample,changesintemperatureaffectthearrivalof
spring,
allowingecologists
tomakeimprovedpredictions
abouttheimpact
ofclimate
change.Asmall
bandof
researchers
iscombingthroughhundreds
ofyearsofrecordstakenbythousandsofamateurnaturalists.Andmore
systematic
projects
have
also
started
up,
producing
anoverwhelming
response.
“Theamountof
interest
is
almost
frightening,
”saysSparks,
aclimate
researcher
at
theCentrefor
EcologyandHydrologyinMonksWood,
Cambridgeshire.
CSparksfirstbecameawareofthearmyof“closetphenologists”,ashe
describesthem,whenaretiringcolleaguegavehimtheMarshamrecords.
Henowspendsmuchofhistimefollowingleadsfromonehistoricaldata
settoanother.Asnewsofhisquestspreads,peopletiphimofftoother
historicalrecords,andmoreamateurphenologistscomeoutoftheir
closets.TheBritishdevotiontorecordingandcollectingmakeshisjob
easier-onemanfromKentsenthim30years’worthofkitchencalendars,
onwhichhehasnotedthedatethathisneighbour’smagnoliatree
flowered.
DOtherresearchershaveuneartheddatafromequallyoddsources.RafeSagarin,anecologistatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,recently
studiedrecordsofabetting
contest
inwhichparticipants
attempt
toguess
theexacttimeatwhichaspecially
erected
woodentripod
will
fall
through
thesurfaceofathawingriver.Thecompetitionhastakenplaceannually
ontheTenanaRiverinAlaskasince
1917,andanalysis
ofthe
results
showed
thatthethawnowarrives
fiveyearsearlier
thanit
did
whenthe
began.
EOverall,
suchrecordshavehelpedto
showthat,
comparedwith20yearsago,
araftofnaturaleventsnowoccurearlieracrossmuchofthenorthern
hemisphere,from
the
opening
of
leaves
to
thereturn
birds
from
migration
andtheemergenceof
butterflies
fromhibernation.
Thedatacan
alsohintathownaturewillchangeinthefuture.Togetherwithmodels
change,amateurs’recordscould
helpguide
conservation.
Terry
Root,
an
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