虚拟语气及专项练习题讲解.docx
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虚拟语气及专项练习题讲解.docx
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虚拟语气及专项练习题讲解
虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况,或一种主观的愿望,即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实,或不可能实现。
英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种:
一、与现在事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1.动词过去式(或were)
2.助动词(过去式)+动词原形
Should
Would +动词原形
could
might
Ifhadthetime,JohnwouldmakeatriptoChinatoseetheGreatWall.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveupdrinkingimmediately.
二.与将来事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
1. should+动词原形
2. 动词过去式
3、wereto+动词原形
Should
Would +动词原形
could
might
Ifyoushouldlose,whatwouldyoudo?
IfIweretoseehertomorrow,Iwouldtellherthetruth.
Ifyouwenttherenexttime,youwouldseewhatImean.
三、与过去事实相反
连接词
条件从句
结果从句
If
had+过去分词
Should
Would +have+过去分词
could
might
IfI’dknownthatitwasgoingtorain,Iwouldneverhavegoneforawalkinthecountry.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句结构:
Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou. (=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如:
Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.
(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)
(=Iftherewerenowater,…)
(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)
例句:
Withoutyouradvice,ourmeetingwouldn’thavebeensosuccessfully.[过去]
(=>可转换为:
Iftherehadn’tbeenyouradvice,we…)
Yournotesarealmostillegible(难以辨认的).Notestypedoutwouldbealoteasiertoread.[将来]
(=>可转换为:
Ifthenoteshadbeentypedout,itwouldbealoteasiertoread.)
IshouldhavegonetoseeDr.Smithandhemighthavecuredmeofthedisease.[过去]
(=>可转换为:
IfhehavegonetoseeDr.Smith,he..)
3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致,如:
Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首,实行倒装。
例如:
Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。
Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点,就碰到他了。
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。
注意:
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。
例如:
If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
五、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
suggest,advise,recommend,demand,
require,insist,urge,request,order, +that…(should)+动词原形
devide,ask,move,propose等
注意:
在此结构中that不可省略;should省不省均可。
Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.
上述动词的名词形式出现时,that引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking.
如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。
Heinsiststhatheisright.
insist和suggest是常见的动词,它们各自在词义及用法上具有双重性,弄不好会出错误。
一、insist :
A)作“坚决认为”解释时,其后面的宾语从句用陈述语气。
如:
I insisted (to everyone) that he was wrong.我对每个人坚持说他错了。
The Arab insisted that he had never seen the camel.这阿拉伯人坚持说他从没看见过这头骆驼。
B)作“坚决主张、坚决要求”解释时,其后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即宾语从句的谓语用(should)do sth。
如:
I insisted that he(should)go to see my father.我坚决要他去见我的父亲。
The Arab insisted that they(should)look for the camel.这阿拉伯人坚持要他们去寻找这头骆驼。
同时,我们也可以用insist on sth.或insist on doing sth.来表达上述的两种意思。
如:
I insisted on my correctness.(=Iinsisted that Iwas correct.)我坚持认为自己是对的。
He insists on his innocence.(=He insists that he is innocent.)他坚持认为自己无罪。
We all insist on not resting until we finish the work.(=We all insist that we〈should〉not rest until we finish the work.)我们都坚决要求不完工就不休息。
He insists on my being presentatthe meeting.(=He insists that I〈should〉be presentatthe meeting.)他一定要我出席这个会议。
二、suggest:
A)作“使想起、暗示、表明”解释时,其后面的宾语从句用陈述语气。
如:
Her expression suggested that she was angry.她的表情显示出她生气了。
Are you suggesting that he is too old for the job?
你的意思是说他年纪太大了而不能干这工作?
B)作“建议”解释时,其后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气,也就是说宾语从句的谓语用(should)do sth.。
如:
Isuggested that she(should)leave early for the airport.我建议她早点儿动身去机场。
He suggested that I(should)wear a jacket.他建议我穿一件夹克衫。
我们也可以用suggest(one /one's) doing sth.来表达“建议”。
如:
I suggested our class holding a meeting to discuss the problem.(=I suggested that our class〈should〉hold a meeting to discuss the problem.)我建议我们班开个班会讨论这个问题。
He suggested putting off the sports meet to the next week.(=He suggested that the sports meet〈should〉be put off to the next week.)他建议运动会推迟到下周。
2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
imperative,advisable, 动词完成式
Itis(was)+important,natural,necessary,essential,strange,等+that…(should)+
动词原形
Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctor’sorders.
Itisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework.
不是只能跟虚拟语气的.你要分清什么时候才用虚拟语气
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
如果不是表达那些意思的话是不用到虚拟语气的
例如:
Itisstrangethathehadmadeamistake.奇怪的是他犯了一个错误。
这是一个陈述句,就是陈述一个事实:
他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。
Itisstrangethathe(should)havemadeamist
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