高考英语阅读理解分类汇编历史地理类.doc
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高考英语阅读理解分类汇编历史地理类.doc
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2011高考英语阅读理解分类汇编之历史地理类
1.(2011·安徽卷)D
Irelandhashadaverydifficulthistory.Theproblemsstartedinthe16thcenturywhenEnglishrulerstriedtoconquer(征服)Ireland.Forhundredsofyears,theIrishpeoplefoughtagainsttheEnglish.Finally,in1921,theBritishgovernmentwasforcedtogiveindependencetothesouthofIreland.Theresultisthattodaytherearetwo“Irelands”.NorthernIreland,inthenorth,ispartoftheunitedkingdom.TheRepublicofIreland,inthesouth,isanindependentcountry.
Inthe1840sthemaincrop,potatoes,wasaffectedbydiseaseandabout750,000peoplediedofhunger.This,andashortage(短缺)ofwork,forcedmanypeopletoleaveIrelandandliveintheUSA,theUK,AustraliaandCanada.Asaresultoftheseproblems,thepopulationfellfrom8.2millionin1841to6.6millionin1851.
Formanyyears,themajorityofIrishpeopleearnedtheirlivingasfarmers.Today,manypeoplestillworkonthelandbutmoreandmorepeoplearemovingtothecitiestoworkinfactoriesandoffices.Lifeinthecitiesisverydifferentfromlifeinthecountryside,wherethingsmoveataquieterandslowerpace.
TheIrisharefamousforbeingwarm-heartedandfriendly.OscarWilde,afamousIrishwriter,oncesaidthattheIrishwere“thegreatesttalkerssincetheGreeks”.Sinceindependence,Irelandhasrevived(复兴)itsowncultureofmusic,language,literatureandsinging.DifferentareashavedifferentstylesofoldIrishsongwhicharesungwithoutinstruments.OtherkindsofIrishmusicusemanydifferentinstrumentssuchastheviolin,whistles,etc.
【文章大意】本文从地理状况、人口发展、经济情况以及社会生活等方面介绍了爱尔兰共和国,让我们对这个美丽的国家有更进一步的了解。
68.Whatdoestheauthortellusinparagraph1?
A.HowtheIrishfoughtagainsttheEnglish.
B.HowIrelandgainedindependence.
C.HowEnglishrulerstriedtoconquerIreland.
D.Howtwo“Irelands”cameintobeing.
【解析】选D。
主旨大意题。
通读第一段可知,本段介绍了爱尔兰共和国(TheRepublicofIreland)及北爱尔兰(NorthernIreland)的由来,故D项正确。
69.WelearnfromthetextthatinIreland.
A.foodshortagesinthe1840sledtoadeclineinpopulation
B.peoplearemovingtothecitiesforlackofworkinthecountryside
C.itishardertomakealivingasafarmerthanasafactoryworker
D.differentkindsofoldIrishsongsareallsungwithinstruments
【解析】选A。
细节理解题。
通读第二段可知,十九世纪四十年代,由于主要农作物土豆受病害影响及本国工作机会缺乏,大量爱尔兰人移往其它国家,使爱尔兰人口下降,故A项正确。
B项中人们移往城市并非是由于农村缺少工作机会;文章中并没有对比城市和乡村生活的难易;D项错误在于all,并非全部的爱尔兰歌谣都使用乐器。
70.Thelastparagraphismainlyabout.
A.theIrishcharacterB.Irishculture
C.IrishmusicalinstrumentsD.afamousIrishwriter
【解析】选B。
主旨大意题。
文章末段从爱尔兰民族习性、音乐、语言及文学等方面介绍了爱尔兰民族文化,故B项正确。
A、C、D各项虽都提及,但都是细节。
71.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.LifeinIreland
B.AVeryDifficultHistory
C.Ireland,PastandPresent
D.TheIndependenceofIreland
【解析】选C。
文章标题题。
通读全文可知,本文从地理状况、人口发展、经济情况以及社会生活等方面介绍了爱尔兰共和国的过去及现在,故C项最为全面。
2.(2011·辽宁卷)C
ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheautomobile(汽车).ButHenryForddidnotstarttobuildhisfirstcaruntil1896.ThatwaselevenyearsaftertwoGermansdevelopedtheworld'sfirstautomobile.ManypeoplebelieveHenryFordinventedtheproductionlinethatmovedacar'spartstotheworker,insteadofmakingtheworkermovetotheparts.Thatisnottrue,either.ManyfactoryownersusedmethodsofthiskindbeforeFord.WhatHenryForddidwastouseotherpeople'sideasandmakethembetter.Andhemadethewholefactoryamovingproductionline.
Intheearlydaysoftheautomobile,almosteveryearmakerracedhiscars.Itwasthebestwayofgainingpublicnotice.HenryForddecidedtobuildaracingcar.Ford'smostfamousracewashisfirstone.Itwasalsothelastraceinwhichhedrovethecarhimself.
Theracewasin1901,atafieldnearDetroit.Allofthemostfamouscarshadentered,butonlytwowereleft:
theWintonandFord's.TheWintonwasfamousforitsspeed.Mostpeoplethoughttheracewasoverbeforeitbegan.
TheWintontookanearlylead.Buthalfwaythroughtherace,itbegantolosepower.Fordstartedtogain.Andneartheendoftherace,hetookthelead.FordwontheraceanddefeatedtheWinton.Hisnameappearedinnewspapersandhebecamewell-knownallovertheUnitedStates.Withinweeksoftherace,HenryFordformedanewautomobilecompany.Inthe1903,adoctorinDetroitboughtthefirstcarfromthecompany.ThatsalewasthebeginningofHenryFord'sdream.Fordsaid:
"Iwillbuildamotorcarforthegreatmassofpeople.Itwillbelargeenoughforthefamily,butsmallenoughforonepersontooperateandcarefor.Itwillbebuiltofthebestmaterials.Itwillbebuiltbythebestmentobeemployed.Anditwillbebuiltwiththesimplestplansthatmodemengineeringcanproduce.Itwillbesolowinpricethatnomanmakinggoodmoneywillbeunabletoownone."
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