专题三 推理判断Word格式文档下载.docx
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专题三 推理判断Word格式文档下载.docx
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2015北京卷
2016北京卷
2017北京卷
2018北京卷
推理判断
推理判断题要求考生根据文章所提供的事实进行合理的分析和推断,判断作者的意图、人物的动机、情绪和性格以及事件发生的前因后果等。
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分析解读 推理判断题考查考生透过文章表面信息推测文章隐含意思、对作者的态度和情感以及文中细节的发展做出正确推理判断的能力。
有些考生认为推理判断题的答案就是在文章中没有出现的信息,这种理解比较狭隘;
无论是何种考题,设问的依据都是在文本之中,所以答题时不能凭空想象或主观臆断。
推理判断题与细节理解题有很多重合之处,考生在做题时应紧扣文本,以文章所提供的细节为主要依据,而相较于细节理解题,推理判断题在获得相关细节后需经过深层次分析形成合乎逻辑的推断。
过专题
【五年高考】
A组 自主命题·
北京卷题组
Passage1(2018北京,C)词数:
345
Plastic-EatingWorms
Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.
ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms
chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms
stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.
FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms
abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.“Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,”sheexplains.“Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.”
JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam
sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply“millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.”
1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?
A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.
B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.
C.Theycanconsumeplastics.
D.Theywindupinlandfills.
2.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto .
A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdown
B.findoutthesourceoftheenzyme
C.confirmtheresearchfindings
D.increasethebreakdownspeed
3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight .
A.helptoraiseworms
B.helpmakeplasticbags
C.beusedtocleantheoceans
D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture
4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.
B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.
C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.
D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.
答案
1.C
2.B
3.D
4.C
Passage2(2017北京,A)词数:
344
ItwasacoldMarchdayinHighPoint,NorthCarolina.ThegirlsontheWesleyanAcademysoftballteamwerewaitingfortheirnextturnsatbatduringpractice,stampingtheirfeettostaywarm.Eighth-graderTaylorBisbeeshivered(发抖)alittleasshewatchedherteammateParisWhiteplay.Thetwodidn
tknoweachotherwell—Taylorhadjustmovedtotownamonthorsobefore.
Suddenly,Parisfelltotheground.“Paris
seyesrolledback,”Taylorsays.“Shestartedshaking.Iknewitwasanemergency.”
Itcertainlywas.Parishadsufferedasuddenheartfailure.Withoutimmediatemedicalcare,Pariswoulddie.Atfirst,noonemoved.Thegirlswereinshock.Thenthesoftballcoachshoutedout,“DoesanyoneknowCPR?
”
CPRisalife-savingtechnique.TodoCPR,youpressonthesickperson
schestsothatbloodmovesthroughthebodyandtakesoxygentoorgans.Withoutoxygen,thebrainisdamagedquickly.
Amazingly,TaylorhadjusttakenaCPRcoursethedaybefore.Still,shehesitated.Shedidn
tthinksheknewitwellenough.Butwhennooneelsecameforward,TaylorrantoParisandbegandoingCPR.“Itwasscary.Iknewitwasthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath,”saysTaylor.
Taylor
sswiftactionhelpedherteammatescalmdown.Onegirlcalled911.Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse,whobroughtadefibrillator,anelectronicdevice(器械)thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork.Luckstayedwiththem:
Paris
sheartbeatreturned.
“IknowIwasreallylucky,”Parissaysnow.“Mostpeopledon
tsurvivethis.Myteamsavedmylife.”
ExpertssayParisisright:
Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchanceforsu
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