写作教程总结Word文件下载.docx
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写作教程总结Word文件下载.docx
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Goldnowisveryexpensive.
moon
Thenaturalbodythatmovesaroundtheearthonce28days.
Beautylonely,coldness,purity,tranquility
Manyyearspastshestillkeepacharitylikethemoon.
ice
Waterfrozensothatithasbecomesolid.
Coldness,indifferencecruelty,death,etc
Theiceinhisvoicewasonlytohidethepain.
blood
Redliquidflowingthroughthebodiesofhumanoranimal
Relationship,death,descent,race,temperament
Bloodisthickthanwater.
winter
Aseason
Coldness,tired,upset
Pleasewalkoutyouwinteroflife,justsmiletoyourlife.
Attitude:
whenwewriteinEnglish,wehavetobecarefulwithsomeemotionallyloadedwords-i.e.wordsthatcanrevealthewriter’sattitude.
Wecandividethewordsattitudeintothreeparts:
1commendatory\positive2neutral3derogatory\pejorative
Commendatory
Neutral
Pejorative
quaint
strange
bizarre
persist
stubborn
pigheaded
compliment
praise
flattering
Seniorcitizen
Oldperson
fossil
Bachelorgirl
Singlegirl
spinster
Collocation:
fixedcombinationofwords
Thereareseveraltypesofcollocation:
1.V+N(followthefashion)2.A+N(abrilliantsuccess)3.V+AD(thinkalike)4.PREP+N(theanswertoaquestion)5.V+PREP(thinkofanidea)
FalseFriends
Advise(v)vs.advice(n)angel(天使)vs.angle(角度)capital(首都,资金)vs.capitol(国会大厦)
Complement(补充)vs.compliment(称赞)credible(可信的,确实的)vs.credulous(轻信的,易受骗的)getknowledge(t)vs.learnknowledge(f)
Grammar
Subject-Verbagreement
1whenthesubjectiscompound
Workandplayareequallyimportant.
Hamandeggsismyfavoritebreakfast.
(1)由and或both…and连接的并列结构作主语时,如果意义为复数,谓语动词用复数;
如果作主语的并列结构不是指两个或两个以上的人或物,而是表示单数,则动词用单数;
and与each等限定词时,随后动词用单数。
(2)由neither…nornotonly…butalso连接的并列结构作主语,随后动词形式常遵循就近原则。
(3)主语后用alongwith,togetherwith引导等词组,动词形式根据主语形式而定。
2Whenthesubjectexpressesquantity
(1)有manya等限定词,其后动词形式为单数
(2)apair,heapof后动词多接单数形式
3whenthesubjectisarelativepronoun,awhat-clause,orinthethere-bestructure
(1)以nominalclause作主语,随后动词通常用单数
(2)relativeclause中谓语动词单复数形式通常以关系代词先行项的形式而定
(3)therebe谓语动词单复数形式取决于所后的
Unit2TheAppropriateWord
Style:
inEnglish,wordscanbe,roughly,formal,general,colloquial,andslangintermsofstyle.
Formalandgeneral
Formalwordsarenotascommonasgeneralwords,whichformthebasisofthevocabularyandareusedforeverydaycommunication.
formal
general
fracture
break
lucid
clear
terminate
end
corpulent
fat
facilitate
Makeeasy
verify
prove
concur
agree
Notice:
acommonbeliefamongstudentsisthatformalityisavirtue,butthebestpolicyistousegeneralwordsinmostcasesandformalwordsinspecific,formalcontexts.
Colloquialandslang
Well,now,youknow,I’dliketosay,oh,maygod,Ithink….whichcanbeusedincolloquial,andcontractionandabbreviationalsocanbeused.Butinsomeformalconstitutionwe’dbetternotuseit.
Notice:
thecolloquialstyletakesalessprominentrole,therefore,formostwritingtasks,itmaynotbeideal.Toomuchslangcanmakeapassagelooseandunserious;
somemayevensoundodd.
Styleandaudience
Theformalstyleischaracterizedbyextensivevocabulary,frequentuseofformalandabstractwords,absenceofslangandalmostnocontractionorclippedwords.
Theinformalstyleischaracterizedbyvocabulariesrangingfromformaltocolloquialbutmostlygeneral,andoccasionalandclippedwords.
Differentstyleareusedtoaddressdifferentaudiencesandondifferentoccasions.
Chinglish:
itreferstotheunidiomaticuseofEnglishbyChinesespeaker
Avoidliteraltranslation
chinglish
diomatic
Bigfilm
blockbuster
Earlylove
Puppylove
Convenientnoodles
Instantnoodles
Fistproduct
Knockoutproduct
Onesexgoods
Disposablegoods
Grasptheconnotation
请帮我们(宣传)一下这个新产品。
Pleasehelpustopropagatethisnewproduct.
Propagateshouldbereplacedbypromote
他遇事总是先想着自己,真是太个人主义了
Heisself-concernedandindividualistic。
Individualisticshouldbereplacedbyselfishness
Pronouns
1Subjectivevs.objective
Subjective:
Isheyouheitwhowhomthey
Objective:
meheryouhiswhomwhosethemits
2Singularvs.plural
3Pointofviewisusedtodescribetheperspectiveinwriting.
Unit3theBetterWord
Conciseness(Brevityisthesoulofwit.)
Tip:
1eliminateorexpressionrewritethatrepeatthesamepoint
2cutoutunnecessaryintensifiers
3avoidoverusingthenounformsofverbs
4changephraseintosingle
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