英语词汇学教程参考答案杨信彰图文稿Word格式文档下载.docx

英语词汇学教程参考答案杨信彰图文稿Word格式文档下载.docx

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（3）Iwatchthefootballmatchhappilyandfinditveryinteresting.

3.

（1）Whenitfollows‘-t’and‘-d’,itispronouncedas[id];

（2）Whenitfollowsvoicelessconsonants,itispronouncedas[t];

（3）Whenitfollowsvoicedconsonantsandvowels,itispronouncedas[d].

4.

（1）Theyarewordsthatcanbeincludedinasemanticfieldof“tree”.

（2）Theyrepresenttheformsoftheverb“fly”andhaveacommonmeaning.

（3）Theybelongtoalexicalfieldof“telephonecommunication”.

（4）Theyaresynonyms,relatedtohumanvisualperception.Specifically,theydenotevariouskindsof“looking”.

5.（a）'

blackboard:

aboardwithadarksmoothsurface,usedinschoolsforwritingwithchalk（theprimarystressinonblack）;

'

blackbird:

aparticularkindofbird,whichmaynotnecessarilybeblackincolor（theprimarystressinonblack）;

'

greyhound:

aslender,swiftdogwithkeensight（theprimarystressinonblack）;

WhiteHouse:

theresidenceoftheUSPresidentinWashington（theprimarystressinonblack）.

（b）'

black'

board:

anyboardwhichisblackincolor（bothwordsreceiveprimarystress）;

bird:

anybirdwhichisblackincolor（bothwordsreceiveprimarystress）;

grey'

hound:

anyhoundthatisgreyincolor（bothwordsreceiveprimarystress）;

white'

house:

anyhousethatispaintedwhite（bothwordsreceiveprimarystress）.

6.Thereare44orthographicwords,i.e.sequencesoflettersboundedbyspace.Thereare24openclasswordsand20closedclasswords.

7.（a）The‘bull’isliteral,referringtoamalebovineanimal.

（b）‘Takethebullbythehorn’isanidiom,meaning（havingthecourageto）dealwithsomeoneorsomethingdirectly.

（c）‘Likeabullinachinashop’isanidiom,meaningdoingsomethingwithtoomuchenthusiasmortooquicklyorcarelesslyinawaythatmaydamagethingsorupsetsomeone.

（d）A‘bullmarket’isonewherepricesrisefastbecausethereisalotofbuyingofsharesinanticipationofprofits.

8.drinkingvessels:

cup,mug,glass,tumbler,tankard,goblet,bowl,beaker,wineglass,beerglass,sherryglass

Theycanbeorganizedinanumberofways,forexample,bythedrinksthevesselisusedfor.

Non-alcoholic:

glass,tumbler,cup,mug,beaker,bowl

Beer:

beerglass,tankard

Wine:

wineglass,goblet

Spirits:

sherryglass

Chapter2

1.Lexemeisanabstractlinguisticunitwithdifferentvariants,forexample,singasagainstsang,sung.

Morphemeistheultimategrammaticalconstituent,thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.Forexample,moralizersisanEnglishwordcomposedoffourmorphemes:

moral+lize+er+s.

Anyconcreterealizationofamorphemeinagivenutteranceiscalledamorph,suchascat,chair,-ing,-s,etc.

Allomorphsarethealternatephoneticformsofthesamemorpheme,forexample,[t],[d]and[id]areallomorphsofthepasttensemorphemeinEnglish.

2.quick-ly,down-stair-s,four-th,poison-ous,weak-en,

world-wide,inter-nation-al-ly,in-ject,pro-trude

3.island,surname,disclose,duckling,cranberry,

reading,poets,flavourfulness,famous,subvert

4.（a）[]

（b）[-ai]

5.

（1）-’s,-s

（2）-est,-s

（3）-ing

（4）-ed

6.Theconnotationsareasfollows:

（1）slang,carryingtheconnotationofreluctance,

（2）informal,carryingtheconnotationthatthespeakerisspeakingtoachild,（3）beastieisusedtoasmallanimalinScotland,carryingtheconnotationofdisgust,（4）carryingtheconnotationofformalness,（5）carryingtheconnotationoflight-heartedness.

7.{-

m;

～-n;

～-i:

～-s;

～-z;

～-iz}

8.court:

polysemydart:

polysemy

fleet:

homonymyjam:

homonymy

pad:

homonymysteep:

stem:

homonymystuff:

watch:

9.

（1）—（f）,

（2）—（g）,（3）—（c）,（4）—（e）,（5）—（a）,（6）—（d）,（7）—（b）

10.

（1）unpractical

（2）break

（3）impractical

（4）rout

（5）pedals

（6）Route

（7）raze

Chapter3

1.ThehistoryofEnglishcanbedividedintofourperiods:

theOld,Middle,EarlymiddleandModernEnglishperiods.

InOldEnglishperiod,thereisafrequentuseofcoinagesknownas‘kennings’,whichreferstovividfigurativedescriptionsofteninvolvingcompoun