word完整版高考英语语法专题非谓语动词讲解教师版Word格式文档下载.docx
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word完整版高考英语语法专题非谓语动词讲解教师版Word格式文档下载.docx
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不定式的形式有五种:
1.一般式todoIliketoreadEnglish.
2.进行式tobedoingHeseemedtobereadingsomethingatthattime.
3.完成式tohavedoneHeseemedtohavecleanedtheroom.
4.被动式tobedoneTheworkistobedonesoon.
5.完成被动式tohavebeendone
Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttohospitalyesterday.
疑问词+动词不定式
What,who,which,where,when,how,why等疑问词构成不定式短语,这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。
二.动词不定式的用法
I.作主语
(1)不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
Toseeistobelieve.
Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.
(2)注:
常用it做形式主语,将todo位于之后,使句子保持平衡。
句型1:
It+谓语+(+sb.)+时间/金钱+todo
Ittakesusanhour_to__gettherebybus.
Itcostsyouonly$100amonthtocookathome.
Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.
句型2:
It’s+n.(+forsb)+todo
It’sourduty_to_helpthepoor.
Itisagreatenjoyment_to_spendourholidayinthecountryside..
Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.
句型3:
Itis+adj(+forsb)todosth(是形容事物的性质的)
Itis+adj(+ofsb)todosth(是形容人的品质的)
Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.
Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.
It'
simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.
疑问词+不定式作主语
Whentostartremainsundecided.
II.作宾语
接不定式做宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.
Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere
(1)常见动词有:
like,demand,expect,promise,begin,determine,refuse,fail,manage,learn,seem,forget,want,prepare,pretend,plan,wish等
Theywanttoget_(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?
Hesaidhewished__tobe(be)aprofessor.
(2)it作形式宾语
Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting.
Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim.
Subject+find/think/feel/make/consider…it+adj/n+todosth.
1.We
thought
_it__
better
__to_
start
early.
2.Do
you
consider
not
_to_
go?
3.
I
feel
_it_
my
duty
change
all
that.
4.Wethinkit__important_to_obeythelaw.
5.Iknow_it_impossible_to_finishsomuchhomeworkinaday.
(3)疑问词+不定式作宾语
常常放在这些动词的后面作宾语:
tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,explain…
Hetaughtushowtousethetool.
Noonecouldtellmewheretogetthebook.
Thedictionarydidn’ttelltheFrenchmanhowtopronouncetheword.
(4)作介词but,except,besides的宾语。
Can’tchoosebutdo
Can’thelpbutdo/havenochoicetodo
Donothingbutdo
III.作宾语补足语
1.I’ll
get
someone
_to__
repair
the
recorder
for
you.
2.What
caused
him
his
mind?
v.+sb.+todo
advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,expect,encourage,force,get,hate,invite,order,wish
want,warn,remind,promise,permit,persuade,request+sb.todo
注意:
(1)在动词feel(一感),hear,listento(二听),have,let,make(三使),notice,see,watch,observe,lookat(五看)(即:
吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。
v.+sb.+do
Let’sgotoThailandrightnow.(letsb.dosth.)
Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.(seesb.dosth.)
Theboywasseentofalloffthetree.
Heisoftenheardtosing(sing)thesong.
Thoughheoftenmadehisdeskmatecry(cry).Todayhewasmadetocry(cry)byhisdeskmate.(makesb.dosth.)
(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.
Ioftenhelphim(to)cleantheroom.[helpsb.(to)dosth.]
Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.
比较:
Theprofessortoldthestudentshowtodotheexperiment.
Theprofessortoldthestudentstodotheexperiment.
IV.作定语
Ihavesomethingtotellyou.(不定式作定语)
1.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语
Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheroom.
Weneedsomeonetohelpwiththework.
Sheisalwaysthefirsttoanswerquestions.
2.不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容
Ihavenochancetogothere.
Hemadeapromisetobeagoodboy.
Thereisnoneedtobuildadamonthesmallriver.
3.不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系
Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?
OneofthemostinterestingplacestovisitinSingaporeisBirdPark.
不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时,须加介词
Heboughtacuptodrinkwaterwith.
Ihavenothingtocomplainabout.
Heislookingforaroomtolivein.
V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。
Icameheretoseeyou.(目的)
Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)
Hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere.(结果)
(1)作目的状语表示谓语动作的目的,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用
inorderto+V.(原形)
soasto+V.(原形)
但soasto不用于句首。
Thestudentsavedmuchmoneytobuyanewmobilephone.
Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.
=Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.
Peoplehavelearnttheimportanceofkeepingabalanceddiettosatisfy(satisfy)theirnutritionalneeds.
(2)作结果状语
不定式作结果状语时,多表示出乎意料的结果,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。
作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式,为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only.
Irushedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadygone.
Wecamehometofindour
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