外文文献翻译 金融类 不良贷款的管理和回收 论文Word格式文档下载.docx

外文文献翻译 金融类 不良贷款的管理和回收 论文Word格式文档下载.docx

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专业金融学

班级金融0801

学生

学号20082207166

指导教师

二〇一二年四月二十日

AppliedEconomics,theDrydenPress,2006P75-78.

Non-performingLoansManagementandRecovery

WilliamJ.BaumanandAlanS.Blinder

Abstract

WiththedeepeningofChina'

seconomicsystemreformdevelopmentandcontinuousimprovementofthesystemofthemarketeconomy,banks'

lendingbusinessbecomescompletelyopentoindividuals,personalloansofbusinessgrowing,continuestoexpandthescopeofbusiness,especiallythedevelopmentofindividualhousingloanmorequickly.PersonalhousingloanbusinessinChinaatthetimeofitsdevelopment,therearebadcreditrisksaswellasthecompetitivesituationisnotoptimistic,toacertainextent,hamperthedevelopmentofindividualhousingloans,tosustainabledevelopment,researchmanagementmustbestrengthenedonanumberofissues.Thisarticlefromthecurrentdevelopmentstatusofindividualhousingloanbusinesstostart,pointedoutthatbecauseoftheexistingproblemsaswellasproblemsandfocusonhowtodeveloppersonalhousingloanbadcreditriskreduction,foreignexperiencesandlessonslearned,andthoughtsandcountermeasuresformanagement,topromotethehealthyandrapiddevelopmentofthebusiness.

Keywords:

Housingloanstoindividuals;

Badcreditrisks;

presentsituation;

problem;

Countermeasure

1.Introduction

Underthefive-categoryloanclassification,substandard,doubtfulandlossloansaredefinedasnon-performingloans.Becausethereasonsbehindnon-performingloansformationaredifferent,creditassociatesmusttakeeffectivemeasurestomanage,recoveranddisposeofthesepartsofassetaccordingtotheirdifferentcharacteristics.Thebankshouldfirstfindouttheresponsibilitiesoftheguarantoranddisposeofthesecurityintime.Onlywhentheyconfirmthattheguarantorhaslosttheguaranteeabilitiesandthesecurityisnotsufficienttopayofftheloan,cantheybegintodisposeofthenon-performingloans.

2.Reasons

Therearemanyreasonswhybankshavepoorlyperformingloanportfolios.Irrespectiveofthesecauses,bankshaveanobligationtoshareholders,depositorsandcreditorstomaximizecashflowfromassets,themosttroublesomeaspectofwhichhasbeenthepoorrecordofbanksinrecoveringloans.Itisthisfactorthathascontributedthemosttobankinsolvency,andliquidityconstraints.

Thereareseveralcomplementaryoptionsavailabletobankstorestructureproblemloansandportfolios,including:

_

•Exerciseofcollateral（liensagainstproperty,inventories）throughjudicialorextra-judicialmeans.

•Out-of-courtsettlementthatmayfocusexclusivelyondebtnegotiation,restructuringandrepayment,orleadtothefinancial,physicalandoperationalrestructuringoftheenterprise.

•Bankruptcy/liquidationproceduresthroughformalcourtproceedings.Thismayinvolveliquidation,reorganizationorprivatizationofanenterprisetoenforcepartialortotalloanrepayment.

（Besidesthebankitself,sometimesgovernmentalsoleadsarestructuringprogramtohelpthebanktosolvetheproblemofNPLinordertostabilizethebankingindustryorthewholeeconomy,forexample,AssetManagementCompany（AMC）,aspecialpurposecompany,buysorexchangesNPLfrombankanddisposesofthem）.

3.Work-OutUnit

Withaggregateloanportfoliosuniversallytroubledbydelinquenciesanddefaults,somebankshaveoptedtodevelopwork-outunitstoimproveloanportfolioquality.Whenwork-outunitsareestablished,theyareusuallysetuptodealwithmostofabank'

sproblemloans,effectivelysectioningoffnon-performingloansfromthebroaderbankportfolioofperformingloans.Thebenefitsexpectedfromwork-outunitsinclude;

•Concentratedfocusontherecoveryofproblemloans;

•Moredevelopedbankingexpertiseandcreditriskevaluationskills;

•Improvedinternalbanksystem（earlywarningsystems,collateralrequirements,creditinformationneeds）.

Work-outunitscanmakeasignificantdifferenceinrestructuringloanportfolios,particularlywhensupportedbyeffectivetechnicalassistance.

4.LoanRestructuringandLoan"

Rollover"

Case-by-caseloanrestructuringiscommoninmarket-orientedeconomies,particularlywhenborrowersareunabletomeettheoriginaltermsoftheloanagreementduetoexternalfactors.Theserestructuringinvariablychangesintheamount,termsand/orscheduleofinterestrates,principalrepayment,andcollateralvalues.Loancovenants（ratios,reportrequirements）oftenchangetofacilitatecompliance.Insomecases,radicalmeasuressuchasreplacingmanagementareinvolved.

Thisapproachissimilartowhatwork-outunitsattempttodo:

recoverportionsofloanportfolioswhichhavedeterioratedandarenon-performing.However,workoutunitsareoftenorganizedonthebasisofsector,locationor