长城导游欢迎词英文Word文档格式.docx
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长城导游欢迎词英文Word文档格式.docx
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长城英文导游词
16、Greatwall
16、长城题一:
长城的历史及居庸关、八达岭长城。
iamveryproudtohavetheopportunitytobeyourguide.TodaywearegoingtovisitGreatwall.
HistoryofTheGreatwall(长城的历史)
constructionoftheGreatwallfirstbeganintheseventhcenturyBc.atthattime,itwascalledSpringandautumnPeriod.Thefirstsectionofwall,thatappearedinchina,wasbuiltbytheQinKingdomandthechuKingdom.Theyhadahighwallwhichwascalled“squarewall”or“squarecity”builtsurroundingtheirownterritoriestodefendtheattackoftheirneighboringenemy.SoitwasalsoknownastheQiGreatwallandthechuGreatwall.inordertodefendthemselvesagainsttheinfringingenemyfromtheneighboringstates,allthekingdomshadsectionsofhighwallsconstructedaroundtheirownterritoriesforself-protection.Theybuilthighwallsatthestrategicpointsofthenorth.ThesehighwallsweretheprimitiveprototypeofthepresentdayGreatwallandlaidthefoundationforthepresentGreatwall.
inchinesehistory,thisisthelargestprojectcarriedoutinthreedynastiesthatbroughttheclimaxofthedevelopmentoftheGreatwall.Large-scaleconstructionoftheGreatwallwasconcentratedintheQin,Hanandmingdynasties.
in221Bc,QinShihuangdefeatedtheothersixkingdomsandunifiedchina.inordertoconsolidatetheunity,hedecidedtolinkuptheseparatesectionsofhighwalls,builtbydifferentkingdoms,intotheGreatwall.
ThenhesentmengTian,amilitarygeneral,with300,000soldiersandonemillioncivilianuptonorthtobuilduptheGreatwall.agreatmanysectionswerelinkedupandexpanded,andfinallyitwasextendedintoaGreatwall.whenitwasfinished,thetotallengthoftheGreatwallwasover7,000kilometerslong.TheQinGreatwallstartedfromLintao,GansuProvinceinthewestandendedinLiaodong,LiaoningProvinceintheeast.
Large-scaleconstructionoftheGreatwallwasongoingthroughtoutthereignofEmperorwudiintheHandynasty.inordertowardofftheHunsaswellastoprotecttheSilkRoad,theyalsohadtheGreatwallextendedtowardsthewestforanother5,000kilometerslongtotheLopnurLakeintoday’sXinjiangUygurautonomousRegion.TheHanGreatwallstartedfromtheLiaodongPeninsulaintheeast,andendedatthefootoftheTianshanmountaininXinjiangUygurautonomousRegion,withatotallengthof10,000kilometers.
Thelastlarge-scaleprojectontheGreatwallwascarriedoutinthemingdynasty.in1368,rightafterzhuYuanzhangestablishedthemingdynasty,hestartedthereconstructionoftheGreatwallimmediatelyonthebasisoftheQinGreatwall.SincetheremainingforcesoftheYuanoftenmadecounterattacksonBeijingandthethreatsofthenewlyraisedethnictribeof“nuzhen”alsothreatenedthemingcourt,mingEmperorzhuYuanzhangpaidgreatattentiontoconstructionoftheGreatwallandstationedtroopsalongthewall.
ThewholeprojectofthemingGreatwalltookmorethan200yearstocomplete,andtherewere18large-scaleconstructionsoftheGreatwallinthemingdynasty.afterthat,thetotallengthofmingGreatwallwasmorethan7,000kilometersfromYaluRiverinLiaoningProvinceintheeast,toJiayuguanPassinGansuProvinceinthewest.itpassesninecities,provincesandautonomousregionsofLiaoning,Hebei,Tianjin,Beijing,Shanxi,innermongolia,Shanxi,ningxiaandGansu.ThisistheGreatwallweseetoday.
ThemainforcefortheGreatwallwascomposedofsolidiersdefendingthefrontier,exilesandcriminals,aswellasthelocallaborers.
inancienttimestheGreatwallwasnotonlyastrongdefensiveprojectbutalsoplayedaveryimportantmilitaryandeconomicrole.ThefunctionoftheGreatwallinchineseHistorywasmainlyinmilitarystrategies,Economy,andPerfectharmonyofvariousnationalities.Themostimportantisinmilitarystrategies.
TheGreatwallatJuyongguanPass(居庸关长城)
JuyongguanPassislocatedat50kilometersnorthwestofdowntownBeijing.Themountionsflankingthevalleyhavemanygracefulpeaks.Theslopesonbothsidesofthenarrowpassesarecoveredwithdensetreesandplants.So,itusedtobeoneofthefamous”EightViewsofYanjing”.Therewasa20-kilometer-longvalleycalled“GuangouValley”fromsouthtonorth,with4passesalongthevalleynamed“nankou,Juyongguan,ShangguanandBadaling”.TheywereofgreatstrategicimportanceindefendingthenationalcapitalofBeijing.JuYongguanPassisoneofthem.
Thename“Juyong”inchinesemeans“aplaceofpoorlaborers”.accordingtohistoricalrecords,EmperorQinShihuangforcedmanyconscriptstobuildthispartoftheGreatwall.
insideJuyongPassthereisanancientmarbleplatformknownas“cloudTerrace”.itwasfirstbuiltin1342duringtheYuandynasty.ThereusedtobethreeTibetanstylepagodasbuiltontheterracewitharoadpassingunderitfromnorthtosouth.Therefore,itwasalsocalled“ThecrossingRoadPagoda”.Later,whenthepagodasweredestroyed,atemplewasbuiltontheverysite.However,thetemplewasburntdowninafireintheearlyyearsoftheQingdynasty,soonlytheterraceremained.TherearealsoBuddhistscripturesinscribedonthestonewallintheSanskrit,Tibetan,Basiba(akindofmongolianscript),Xixia,UygurandHanlanguages.Theyofferuswonderfulexamplesoftheirexquisiteworkmanshipandvividnessincarving.TheyareextremelyvaluabletothestudyofBuddhismandancientlanguages.
TodayonthewaytoBadalingGreatwallyoucanseearailwayrunningbytheBadalingExpressway.itiswell-knownattheBeijing-zhangjiakouRailway.itismorethan200kilometersawayfromBeijingtozhangjiakou.Therailwayisveryfamousinchinabecauseitwasthefirstrailwaydesignedandconstructedbychineseitself.itschiefdesignerwaszhanTianyou-afamousrailwayenginee
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