《中国文化概论》Chinese Culture复习资料Word文档格式.docx
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《中国文化概论》Chinese Culture复习资料Word文档格式.docx
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3.Definitionoftheterms:
(20%)5题
4.Questions:
(15%)5题
5.Summaryofstories:
(30%),传说故事,名人介绍、名著故事各一个80字左右。
6.Translation:
(15%):
a.Translationoftheusefulexpressions(10%)
b.Translationoftheparagraph(5%)
TorFQuestions
ChapterOne
1.ChinaissituatedinthecontinentofEastAsiaandlocatedinrelativelyenclosedgeographicalsurroundings.
2.TheterrainofChinaishighinthewestandlowintheeast,whichformthevalleysofLiaoheRiver,YellowRiver,YangtzeRiverandPearlRiver.
3.Chineseeconomicstructurehasundergoneaprocessofchangefromtheancientpatterncomposedmainlyofagriculturetothatoftechnologyinamodernindustrialsociety.
4.Thesmall-scalepeasanteconomywasintheleadingpositioninancientChina.
5.Themain-streamoftheancientChineseculturewasbasedontheagriculturalcivilization.
6.AgriculturewasfundamentaltothedevelopmentofancientChina,shapingthepoliticalsystemandideology.
7.ThepeasantproblemhasbeenaconcernfortherulersandgovernmentthroughouttheagesinChina.
8.TheculturecollisionandassimilationbetweenYiandXialaidafoundationforChina’sancientcivilization.
9.ThedynastiesofXia,ShangandWesternZhouarehistoricallycalled“ThreeDynasties”.
10.Theunifiedpatriarchalstatewasformedanddevelopedduring“ThreeDynasties”.
11.AttheendoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod,Confuciusbrokethenotionthateducationoccurrednowherebutinthefamilyofofficials.
12.Confuciusputforwardtheideologytointegrate“rites”and“benevolence”,openingupanewprospectintheChineseculture.
12.IntheSpringandAutumnPeriod,ChinaenteredtheIronAge,thereforetheeconomydevelopedbyleapsandboundsintheWarringStatesPeriod.
13.TheunitarymultinationalfeudalempirewasfoundedduringtheQin-Hanperiods.
14.TheStateQinunitedChina,establishingthefirstcentralizedfeudalautocraticdynastyinChinesehistory.
15.TheLegalistSchoolwasreveredandthesystemofcourtacademicianwasinitiatedinQinDynasty.
16.ThesystemofcourtacademicianduringQinDynastyunitedtheLegalistideology,classicalTaoistthinkingandConfucianism.
17.EmperorWudipaidsupremetributetoConfucianismwhilebanningallotherschoolsofthought.
18.IntheHanDynastythenativereligioncalledTaoismcameintobeing.
19.EmperorWudiinHandynastysenttheambassadorZhuangQiantowesternregionstoformacoalitionwiththestatesthere;
thelateroneopenedtheSilkRoad.
20.DuringtheWesternHanandtheEasternHandynasties,BuddhismfromIndiawasbroughtintoChina.
21.BuddhismmonasteriesfirstappearedinChinaattheendoftheWesternHanDynasty.
22.BuddhismbegantospreadandflourishintheWei-Jinperiod,whenDunhuangMogaoGrottoes,DatongYangangGrottoesandLuoyangLongmenGrottoesweredug.
23.Thesovereigns’toleranceofConfucianism,TaoismandBuddhismwashelpfulforthethreebranchestoassimilateandmergewitheachotherduringtheSui-Tangperiod.
24.TheNeo-ConfucianismwasdevelopedbycombiningConfucianismwithBuddhismandTaoism.
25.Thescrollofpaintingentitled“TheFestivalofPureBrightnessontheRiver”presentedavividpanoramaofthetownlifeinSongDynasty.
26.TheintroductionofWesternLearningtoChinabecameanimportantphenomenoninthelateMingandtheQingDynasties.
27.TherationalworldoutlookoftheChineseistoseekforharmonyandmaintainingequilibrium.
28.TheChinesehaveaninnateimmunitytoreligion,mostlybelievinginpragmatism.
29.TheChineseprofessareligionoccasionally,whichisconfinedtoavertingcalamitiesandprayingforblessings.
30.ThespirituallifeaspiredbytheChinesewasthatof“sincerity,integrityandintellectualcultivation.
31.TherealisticlifeChinesepeoplewereafterwastokeepyourfamilyinorder,governthestateeffectivelyandbringpeacetotheworld.
32.Theinitialideaofharmonyofmanwithnatureemphasizedtheharmonyandtheinseparablerelationshipbetweenmanandnature.
33.InConfucianism“heaven”meansthemoralizationofpersonality,whichindicatessublimemoralityandspirit.
34.InTaoism“heaven”meansthenaturalizationofpersonality,beingapristineandnaturalspiritinitsoriginalstate.
35.Thegoldenmeanstressestheunityofopposites;
itisfortheimpartialandmildbutagainsttheextreme.
36.Theultimatemotiveinseekingforharmonyandmaintainingequilibriumistomaintainstability.
37.China’sancientsocietywaspatriarchalinnature,inwhichhumanrelationsweregivenpriority.
38.Theculturebasedonhumanrelationsheldasessentialthebloodrelationships,andhighlightedpeople’ssocialstatus.
39.TraditionalChinesevaluesattachedgreatimportancetocollectiveinterest.
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