《乌鸦》赏析培训讲学.docx
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《乌鸦》赏析培训讲学.docx
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《乌鸦》赏析培训讲学
Poe’spoetictheoriesareremarkableintheirclarity((诗歌理论简洁明朗)abouteveniftheylackwhatJosephWoodKrutchterms“intellectualdetachment”and“catholicityoftaste.”(尽管缺乏Krutch所说的“知识分子的超脱”和“大众品味)Thesearebestelucidated(最好的证明)inhis“thePhilosophyofComposition”(创作原理)and“ThePoeticPrinciple.”(诗歌原则)Thepoem,hesays,shouldbeshort,readableatonesitting(一口气能读完)(oraslongas“TheRaven”【或与诗歌”乌鸦“的长度相当】).Itschiefaimisbeauty,namely,toproduceafeelingofbeautyinthereader.Beautyaimsat“anelevatingexcitementofthesoul,”(震撼灵魂)and“beautyofwhateverkind,initssupremedevelopment,invariablyexcitesthesensitivesoultotears.(无论何种形式的美,只要达到最高境界,就能令敏感的灵魂落下泪来)Thusmelancholyisthemostlegitimateofallthepoetictones.”(所以悲伤是诗歌最好的基调)Andheconcludesthat“thedeathofabeautifulwomanis,unquestionably,themostpoeticaltopicintheworld.”
Poestressesrhythm,definestruepoetryas“therhythmicalcreationofbeauty,”(真正的诗歌是富有美好旋律的作品)anddeclaresthat“musicistheperfectionofthesoul,oridea,ofpoetry.”(音乐是诗歌灵魂和思想的最高境界)Poewasunabashedtoofferhisownpoem“TheRaven”asanillustrationofhispoint.
“TheRaven”isabout108lines,perfectlyreadableatonesitting.Asenseofmelancholyoverthedeathofabelovedbeautifulyoungwomanpervadesthewholepoem:
theportrayalofayoungmangrievingforhislostLenore,(早逝的美丽女友Lenore)hisgriefbeingturnedtomadnessunderthesteadyone-wordrepetitionofthetalkingbirdintroducedrightatthebeginningofthepoem:
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weakry.
Over many a quint and curious volume of forgotten lore.
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
"'Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door--
Only this, and nothing more."
Afterheseesthebird,itsresponse--oritsimaginedone一“nevermore"–keepsbreakingupontheyoungman’spsychicwoundruthlesslyandceaselesslyasdothewavesontheseashoreuntilhisdepressionreachesitsbreakingpoint:
And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting
On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;
And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon that is dreaming,
And the lamp-light o' er him streaming throve his shadow on the floor;
And my soul from out chat shadow that lies floating on the floor
Shall be lifted-nevermore!
Theyoungman,aneuroticonthebrinkofamentalcollapse,(精神几近崩溃)outpourshissorrowinhissemi-sleep(半梦半醒之间)ontheappearanceofthebird.Poeticimaginationexternalizesitself(诗歌的想象力表现在…)inthephantomofabird(幻象中的小鸟)andintermingleswithittoenhancetheeffectoftbetragedyofthebereavement.(失去挚爱的悲剧)ItisgoodtonotethatPoe’spoemsareheavilytintedinadreamy,hallucinatorycolor.(Poe的诗歌中具有一种浓烈的梦境和幻觉的色彩)“TheRaven”isagoodexampleasthenarratorisinastateofsemi-stupor.(神志几近不清的状态)
Inaddition,Poeinsistsonanevenmetricalflowinversification.(主张运用规则的韵律创作)“TheRaven”isamarvelofregularity:
W.L.Wernerrecordsthat,ofits719completefeet,(全诗有719个音步),705areperfecttrochees,(其中705个是完全的抑扬格)tendoubtfultrochees,(十个勉强可算是抑扬格)andonlyfourclearlydactyls.(只有四个是强弱格)Poerarelyallowshimselftwenty-fivepercentofirregularfeetasisfoundin“Israfel”.(Poe几乎不会让诗中出现四分之一以上的不规则音步,就像在诗歌Israfel里一样)Forthesakeofregularityinrhythm,Poedisapprovesoftheuseofarchaisms,contractions,inversions,andsimilardevices.(Poe反对使用古体、缩写、倒置等技法)“TheRaven”isthusaperfectillustrationofhistheoryonpoetry.
*The Raven
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weakry,
Over many a quint and curious volume of forgotten lore,
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one rapping, rapping at my chamber door.
“Tis some visitor," I muttered, "tapping at my chamber door——
Only this, and nothing more."
有一天阴沉的半夜时分,当我疲乏烦闷,
面对一堆古籍奇书,想把失传的奥秘揭开,
当我打着盹几乎睡着,忽听得一声剥啄,
仿佛有人轻轻敲着,轻敲在我的房门外。
“谁敲门呢?
”我喃喃道,“一定有客人来,——
别无其他,不必费疑猜。
”
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December,
And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor.
Eagerly I wished the morrow; —vainly I had tried to borrow
From my books surcease of sorrow —sorrow for the lost Lenore—
For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels name Lenore
Nameless here for evermore.
啊,记得清清楚楚,那是十二月寒冷刺骨,
行将熄灭的余烬投射的鬼影在地上摇摆。
我焦急地盼望天亮,我徒劳地搜寻书章,
想从书中借良方,止住失去丽诺尔的悲哀——
天使命名丽诺尔的少女呀多么明媚可爱,——
人间此名已永不存在。
And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain
Thrilled me—filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before;
So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating,
" ' Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door—
Some late visitor entrea
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