Young-Goodman-Brown分析Nathaniel-Hawthorne.doc
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Young-Goodman-Brown分析Nathaniel-Hawthorne.doc
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"YoungGoodmanBrown"(1835)isashortstorybyAmericanwriterNathanielHawthorne.Thestorytakesplacein17thcenturyPuritanNewEngland,acommonsettingforHawthorne'sworks,andaddressestheCalvinist/Puritanbeliefthathumanityexistsinastateofdepravity,exemptingthosewhoareborninastateofgrace.HawthornefrequentlyattemptstoexposethehypocrisyofPuritancultureinhisliterature.Inasymbolicfashion,thestoryfollowsYoungGoodmanBrown'sjourneyintoself-scrutinywhichresultsinhislossoffaith.
Plotsummary
ThestorybeginsatsunsetinSalem,Massachusetts,asyoungGoodmanBrownleavesFaith,hiswifeofthreemonths,foranunknownerrandintheforest.Faithpleadswithherhusbandtostaywithherbutheinsiststhejourneyintotheforestmustbecompletedthatnight.Intheforesthemeetsaman,dressedinasimilarmannertohimselfandbearingaresemblancetohimself.Themancarriesablackserpent-shapedstaff.ThetwoencounterMistressCloyseinthewoodswhocomplainsabouttheneedtowalkand,evidentlyfriendlywiththestranger,acceptshissnakestaffandfliesawaytoherdestination.
Othertownspeopleinhabitthewoodsthatnight,travelinginthesamedirectionasGoodmanBrown.Whenhehearshiswife'svoiceinthetrees,hecallsouttohisFaith,butisnotanswered.Hethenseemstoflythroughtheforest,usingamaplestaffthestrangerfashionedforhim,arrivingataclearingatmidnighttofindallthetownspeopleassembled.Attheceremony(whichmaybeawitches'sabbath)carriedoutataflame-litrockyaltar,thenewestconvertsarebroughtforth—GoodmanBrownandFaith.Theyaretheonlytwoofthetownspeoplenotyetinitiatedtotheforestrite.GoodmanBrowncallstoheaventoresistandinstantlythescenevanishes.
ArrivingbackathishomeinSalemthenextmorning,GoodmanBrownisuncertainwhetherthepreviousnight'seventswererealoradream,butheisdeeplyshaken,withthebeliefhelivedinaChristiancommunitydistorted.HeloseshisfaithinhiswifeFaith;heloseshisfaithinhumanity.Heliveshislifeanembitteredandsuspiciouscynicalman,waryofeveryonearoundhim,includinghiswifeFaith.Hawthorneconcludesthestorybywriting:
"Andwhenhehadlivedlong,andwasbornetohisgrave...theycarvednohopefulverseuponhistombstone,forhisdyinghourwasgloom
Background
ThestoryissetduringtheSalemwitchtrials,atwhichHawthorne'sgreat-great-grandfatherJohnHathornewasajudge.AccordingtoAmericanliteraturescholarJamesMellow,Hawthornewasplaguedbyguiltbyhisancestor'srole,wrotethestorytovindicatehisgrandfatherbyfeaturingtwofictionalvictimsofthewitchtrialswhowerewitchesandnotinnocentvictimsofthewitch-hunt.[1]ItwasalsothisancestralguiltthatinspiredHawthornetochangehisfamily'sname,addinga"w"inhisearlytwenties,shortlyaftergraduatingfromcollege.[2]
InhiswritingsHawthornequestionedestablishedthought—mostspecificallyNewEnglandPuritanismandcontemporaryTranscendentalism.In"YoungGoodmanBrown",aswithmuchofhisotherwriting,heexposesambiguity.[3]Theplotandtextualreferencesin"YoungGoodmanBrown"revealthePuritansasbeinglike"acityuponahill"asJohnWinthrop,afounderofPuritanism,said,andwantingtobeseenthatwayasgood,holymen.However,theirdoctrineteachesthatallmenareinherentlyevilandtheystrivetocauseeachpersontocometotermswiththisandrealizetheirsinfulnature.ThishypocrisythatHawthornepresentsinhisstoryishowhereflectsonthehypocriticalteachingsofthePuritans.TheytaughtthatmanwasinherentlyevilinnaturemuchinaccordancetoEnlightenmentphilosopherThomasHobbes.
Analysis
Themesandstyle
"YoungGoodmanBrown"isoftencharacterizedasanallegoryabouttherecognitionofevilanddepravityasthenatureofhumanity.[4]MuchofHawthorne'sfiction,suchasTheScarletLetter,issetin17th-centurycolonialAmerica,particularlySalem,Massachusetts.[5]Inordertoconveythesettinginhiswork,heusedliterarytechniquessuchasspecificdiction,orcolloquialexpressions,asin"YoungGoodmanBrown"inwhichlanguageoftheperiodisusedtoenhancethesetting.Hawthornegivesthecharacters,specificnamesthatdepictabstractpure&wholesomebeliefssuchas;YoungGoodmanBrown,andFaith.Thecharactersnames'ultimatelyserveasaparadoxintheconclusionofthestory.Theinclusionofthistechniquewastoprovideadefinitecontrastandirony.HawthorneaimstocritiquetheidealsofPuritansocietyandexpresshisdisdainforitthusillustratingthedifferencebetweentheappearanceofthoseinsocietyandtheirtrueidentities.[6]
LiteraryscholarWalterShearwritesthatHawthornestructuredthestoryinthreeparts.ThefirstpartshowsGoodmanBrownathishomeinhisvillageintegratedinhissoci
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- Young Goodman Brown 分析 Nathaniel Hawthorne