一轮复习最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题及答案Word文档格式.docx
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一轮复习最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题及答案Word文档格式.docx
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inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.
Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources(资源).
ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.
Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt(融雪).
Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.
(1)Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?
A.
Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.
B.
TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.
C.
ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.
D.
TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.
(2)Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?
Ecologicalstudiesofforests.
Banningwoodcutting.
Limitinghousingdevelopment.
Firecontrolmeasures.
(3)WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMclntyre?
Inadequatesnowmelt.
Alongerdryseason.
Awarmerclimate.
Dampnessoftheair.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
California'
sForests:
WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?
CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoon.
WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?
PatrickMclntyre:
GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文,围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题,探讨出现这一现象的原因。
(1)段落大意题。
第二段第一句Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests为主题句,意思是:
在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中,直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。
所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况,故答案为A。
(2)细节理解题。
题干中的well-intentioned意为“好意的”。
根据第三段描述:
伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少的原因。
控制野火的初衷是保护森林,但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。
故答案为D。
(3)细节理解题。
将watershortage
定位在第五段,而Mclntyre在最后一段,根据
thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair可知,导致水源紧张的是上升的温度,造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。
故答案为C。
(4)主旨大意题。
文章的第一句是本文的主题句,文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开,对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。
故答案为A。
【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章,文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。
阅读是紧扣主旨,快速浏览文章内容。
答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位,然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。
2.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:
Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?
Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?
Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe"
outofsight,outofmind"
principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.
Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?
Notnecessarily.Researchersdon'
tbelievethatone'
swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoap
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