高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编阅读理解Word下载.docx
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高考英语真题模拟试题专项汇编阅读理解Word下载.docx
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___________考号:
___________
一、任务型阅读
1.请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
TheCostofThinking
Despitetheirmanydifferences,allhumanbeingsshareseveraldefiningcharacteristics.suchaslargebrainsandtheabilitytowalkuprightontwolegs.
Thefirstuniquehumancharacteristicisthathumanshaveextraordinarilylargebrainscomparedwithotheranimals.Itseemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.Mammals(哺乳动物)weighingsixtykilogramshaveanaveragebrainsizeof200cm2.Modernmanhasabrainaveraging1200-1400cm2.Wearesofondofourhighintelligencethatweassumethatwhenitcomestobrainpower,moremustbebetter.Unfortunately,thatisnotthecase.
Thefactisthatahugebrainisahugedrain—consumptionofenergy—onthebody.I'
snoteasytocarryaround,especiallywhenboxedinsideamassiveskull(倾骨).It'
sevenhardertoprovidesenergy.Inmodernman,thebrainaccountsforabout2-3%oftotalbodyweightbutitconsumes25%ofthebody'
senergywhenthebodyisatrest.Bycomparison,thebrainsofapes(类人猿)requireonly8%ofrest-timeenergy.Earlyhumanspadfortheirlargebrainsintwoways.Firstly,theyspentmoretimeinsearchfood.Secondly,theirmusclesgrewsmallerandweaker.It'
shardlyanobviousconclusionthatthisisagoodwaytosurvive.Achimpanzee(黑猩猩)can'
twinanargumentwithamodernman,butitcantearthemanapartlikearagdoll.
Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.Standingup,it'
seasiertofindfoodorenemies.Inaddition,theirarmsthatareunnecessaryformovingaroundarefreedforotherpurposes,likethrowingstonesorsignaling.Asaresult,humanscanperformverycomplextaskswiththeirhands.
Yetwalkinguprighthasitsdisadvantage.Thebonestructureofourancestorsdevelopedformillionsofyearstosupportacreaturethatwalkedonallfoursandhasarelativelysmallhead.Adjustingtoanuprightpositionwasquiteachallenge,especiallywhentheboneshadtosupportanextra-largeskull.Humankindpaidforitsbroadvisionandskillfulhandsbackachesandpainfulnecks.
Weassumethatalargebrainmakeshugeadvantages.Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerfulanimalonearth.Buthumansenjoyedalloftheseadvantagesforafull2millionyearsduringwhichtheyremainedweakandmarginalcreature.Thushumanswholivedamillionyearsago,despitetheirbigbrainsandsharpstonetools,livedinconstantfearofmeat-eatinganimals.
Introduction
•Largebrainsfortheirbodiesandtheabilitytowalkuprightaretwo
①___________ofhumanbeings.
The
②___________oflargehumanbrains
•Thelargerbrainsmaynotbebetterbecauseofthecost.
•Thebigbrainsmakeitharderforthebodytomovearoundandconsumemoreenergy.
•Theanimalbrainrequiresless
③___________whenthebodyisatrest.
•
Largehumanbrainsconsumemorefood,andweakenmuscles.
④___________ofwalkingupright
•Walkinguprightmakesiteasytofindfoodor
⑤___________againstenemies.
•Freedhandscanservesome
⑥___________purposeandperformcomplextasks.
•Walkinguprightchallengesthehumanbonestructure,and
⑦___________thesizeofbrains.
•Walkinguprightresultsin
⑧___________sufferings.
Conclusion
•Withalargebrain,humanbeings
⑨___________otherbeingsintermsofintelligence.
•Weakandmarginal,humanbeingsremained
⑩___________ofmeat-eatinganimals.
2.“Whateveryourjobis,thechancesarethatoneofthesemachinescandoitfasterorbetterthanyoucan.”
Asinnovationaccelerates,thousandsofjobswilldisappear,justasithashappenedinthepreviouscyclesofindustrialrevolutions.MachinespoweredbynarrowAIalgorithmscanalreadyperformcertain3-Dtasks(“dull,dirtyanddangerous”)muchbetterthanhumans.Thismaycreateenormouspainforthosewhoarelosingtheirjobsoverthenextfewyears,particularlyiftheydon'
tacquirethecomputer-relatedskillsthatwouldenablethemtofindmorecreativeopportunities.Wemustlearnfromthepreviouswavesofcreativedestructionifwearetolessenhumansufferingandincreasinginequality.
Forexample,somestatisticsindicatethatasmuchas3%ofthepopulationindevelopedcountriesworkasdrivers.Whenautomatedcarsbecomearealityinthenext15to25years,wemustofferpeoplewhowillbe“structurallyunemployed”somesortofcompensationincome,trainingandre-positioningopportunities.
Fortunately,theSchumpeterianwavesofdestructiveinnovationalsocreatejobs.Historyhasshowndisruptiveinnovationsarenotalwaysazero-sumgame.Inthelongrun,thelossoflow-added-valuejobstomachinescanhaveapositiveimpactintheoverallqualityoflifeofmostworkers.
TheATMparadoxisagoodexampleofthis.Asthe
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